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Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook, 1855)

Warsaw grouper
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Hyporthodus nigritus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Hyporthodus nigritus
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United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Grouper, Warsaw grouper
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: From Massachusetts to Texas (Ref. 5222). Also Ref. 276, 26340, 89707, 115080, 115082.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 55 - 525 m (Ref. 5222).   熱帶; 43°N - 34°S, 98°W - 35°W

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to the Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Trinidad, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo (Ref. 47377), Brazil. Rare in the West Indies (Cuba, Haiti, and Trinidad). Reports from the eastern Pacific are apparently misidentifications of Epinephelus exsul.
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到墨西哥灣,古巴,千里達,里約熱內盧與聖保羅 (參考文獻 47377) 巴西。 稀有的在西印度群島 (古巴,海地與千里達). 來自東太平洋的報告顯然地是 巴拿馬石斑魚〔Epinephelus exsul〕 的誤鑑。

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222); 最大体重: 198.1 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 91 年 (Ref. 127586)

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数) : 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark reddish brown or brownish grey to almost black dorsally, dull reddish grey below; depth of body contained 2.4-2.6 times in SL; head length 2.1-2.5 times in SL; distinctly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, rounded angle, with slightly enlarged serrae and with 1-2 small spines on lower edge just in front of angle; smooth interopercle and subopercle; subequal nostrils, posterior nostrils slightly larger; maxilla reaches well past eye; 4-5 rows of small teeth on midside part of lower jaw in adults and juveniles with 2-3 rows (Ref. 89707).

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

A solitary species (Ref. 26340) usually found on rocky bottoms; juveniles are occasionally seen on jetties and shallow reefs (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on a variety of crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and fishes. Marketed fresh.

一种独居性种 (参考文献 26340) 通常发现于岩石底部; 稚鱼偶然地在突堤与浅水礁区上被见到。 成鱼吃多种螃蟹,虾,龙虾与鱼。 在市场上销售生鲜地了。

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州到墨西哥灣,古巴,千里達,里約熱內盧與聖保羅 (參考文獻 47377) 巴西。 稀有的在西印度群島 (古巴,海地與千里達). 來自東太平洋的報告顯然地是 巴拿馬石斑魚〔Epinephelus exsul〕 的誤鑑。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  临近濒危 (NT) ; Date assessed: 21 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO(渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13.8 - 23.1, mean 18.3 (based on 82 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00685 - 0.02536), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.61 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.05-0.14; tmax=24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.