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Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841

Bigeye thresher
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Alopias superciliosus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Alopias superciliosus (Bigeye thresher)
Alopias superciliosus
Picture by Chow, S.


United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Bigeye thresher, Bigeye thresher shark, Manō hi'ukā
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 276, 26938, 96339 and Ref. 37512 (Northwest Atlantic).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) > Alopiidae (Thresher sharks)
Etymology: Alopias: From alopex, Greek for fox, referring to the ancient vernacular “fox shark,” from its supposed cunning (ancients believed that when it took a bait, it swallowed the hook until it got to the cord, which it bit off and so escaped). (See ETYFish);  superciliosus: super (L.), over and above; ciliosus (L.), haughty or having a raised eyebrow, referring to enormous upward- looking eyes set high on head and/or marked groove over eyes. (See ETYFish).
  More on author: Lowe.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 730 m (Ref. 89423), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 43278).   Subtropical; 46°N - 40°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54278)

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Circumglobal; tropical and temperate seas. Highly migratory species.

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: Lm 253.0, range 154 - 341 cm
Max length : 488 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 40637); common length : 350 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); publicerad maxvikt: 363.8 kg (Ref. 40637); rapporterad maxålder: 20 år (Ref. 28081)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0. A large thresher with very large eyes, an indented forehead, a broad caudal tip, and curved broad-tipped pectoral fins; 1st dorsal fin further back than in other threshers (Ref. 5578). Upper lobe of caudal fin very long and strap-like almost or quite equal to length of rest of shark; lower lobe short but well developed (Ref. 13570). Purplish grey above, cream below, posterior edges of pectoral and pelvic fins and sometimes first dorsal fin dusky; light color of abdomen not expanded over pectoral-fin bases (Ref. 13570).

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Occurs in coastal waters over continental shelves, sometimes close inshore in shallow waters, and on the high seas far from land (Ref. 247, 43278, 58302). Oceanic, pelagic and near bottom at 1->500 m (Ref. 58302). Depth range to at least 500 m (Ref. 247). Feeds on pelagic fishes (lancetfishes, herring, mackerel and small billfishes (Ref. 43278)) and bottom fishes (hake (Ref. 43278)) and squids (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Stuns its prey with its long caudal fin (Ref. 247). Utilized for human consumption, liver oil for vitamins, skin for leather, and fins for shark-fin soup (Ref. 247). Marketed fresh and may be broiled, baked or grilled, but unsuitable for steaming, boiling or frying; meat may be salted and dried (Ref. 9987). Also Ref. 33743.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). With 2-4 young per litter (usually 2) (Ref. 247). Size at birth between 64-106 cm (Ref. 247); 100-140 cm TL (Ref.58048). No fixed mating or birthing season. Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Medarbetare

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Sårbar, se IUCNs rödlista (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)


Threat to humans

  Harmless (Ref. 247)




Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
FAO(fiskeri: produktion, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer
Ecology
Ekologi
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Fecundities
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Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
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Toxicities (LC50s)
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 19.2 - 29, mean 27.1 (based on 6320 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00596 - 0.02017), b=2.91 (2.75 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (tm=7; tmax=20; K=0.088; Fec=2-4).
Prior r = 0.23, 95% CL = 0.15 - 0.34, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Low.