Common names from other countries
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 10 - 150 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 19°N - 36°S, 23°E - 98°E (Ref. 5222)
Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden south to Port Alfred, South Africa and east to the northwest tip of Sumatra, Indonesia. Also found in the islands of western Indian Ocean, including Cargados Carajos and Rodriguez. Not known from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.
印度洋: 亞丁灣南至南非的艾佛烈港而且東至西北印尼的蘇門答臘的頂端。 也發現於西印度洋的島嶼,包括開克杜凱拉攸島與羅德里格斯。 已知不來自紅海與波斯灣。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 49 - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4319); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大體重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 4319)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Adults have yellow fins. Small juveniles about half blue, half yellow (Ref. 48635); distinguished by having sky blue color of head and body in juveniles to dark bluish violet or dark greyish blue in adults; yellow upper lip; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid scales anterodorsally above lateral line and on thorax and abdomen; body of adult with numerous auxiliary scales; moderately deep bodied, greatest depth 2.4-2.8 in SL; truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.0 in head length (Ref. 90102); further characterized by having head length 2.4-2.7 times in SL; preorbital depth 6.8-8.8 times in head length for fish 36-66 cm SL; interorbital area convex; adults posterior nostrils 4-5 times larger than anterior nostrils; subangular preopercle, serrae at angle enlarged; straight to slightly convex upper edge of operculum; maxilla reaches to or slightly past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-4 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
成魚有黃色的鰭。 小的稚魚大約一半藍色又一半的黃色.(參考文獻 48635)
Juveniles inhabit shallow reefs while adults are found on deeper reefs. Feeds on a variety of fishes, crabs, shrimps, spiny lobsters, squids, and small octopi. Solitary (Ref 90102).
稚魚棲息於淺水礁區雖然成魚棲息於較深的礁。 吃多種魚，螃蟹，蝦，棘龍蝦，烏賊與小的章魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度洋: 亞丁灣南至南非的艾佛烈港而且東至西北印尼的蘇門答臘的頂端。 也發現於西印度洋的島嶼,包括開克杜凱拉攸島與羅德里格斯。 已知不來自紅海與波斯灣。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 23.3 - 28.1, mean 26.1 (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00571 - 0.02419), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
