Appear to live usually on or near the bottom, but may occasionally move up into mid-waters. Large adult fish generally occur deeper than 400 m, while juveniles may be found in shallower water (Ref. 9072), more commonly found in large estuaries and bays, and may even enter freshwaters (Ref. 1371). Juvenile specimens and especially adults belonging to the American subspecies, have been caught from the coastal zone to 110 m (Ref. 58452). Form schools. Feed primarily on lantern fishes. In New Zealand, it feeds in midwater on small fish, crustaceans and squid. Oviparous, spawn 1 million eggs on the average which are released all at one time (Ref. 6390). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, cooked in microwave and baked (Ref. 9988).
似乎通常生活在底部上面或附近, 偶然地但是可能移動向上進入中層水域。 大的成魚通常出現在較深處勝於 400 公尺, 而稚魚可能被發現於較淺的水域 (參考文獻 9072),多普遍發現於大的河口與海灣, 而且可能甚至進入淡水.(參考文獻 1371) 稚年的標本與尤其成魚屬於美國亞種, 曾經捕捉對 110 公尺的從海岸的區域.(參考文獻 58452) 形成魚群。 主要捕食燈籠魚。 在紐西蘭, 它在中層水域的吃捕食小魚, 甲殼動物與烏賊。 卵生的, 一般說來產卵一百萬個卵那是全部釋放同時.(參考文獻 6390) 生鮮使用與冷凍; 能在微波與燒烤被蒸,油炸, 煮。 (參考文獻 9988) 紐西蘭這種的商業 Hoki 漁場已經被檢定藉由海洋的總管職務會議 (http://www.msc.org/) 當管理良好且族群能維持。
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 5.8 - 12.5, mean 8 (based on 300 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00219 - 0.00690), b=2.98 (2.82 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12-0.2; tm=3-7; tmax=25; Fec = 1,000,000).
Prior r = 0.29, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.44, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (61 of 100).