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Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758

Brown meagre
إضافة ملاحظاتك Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Sciaena umbra   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
ارفع صور و مقاطع فيديو
Pictures | Videos | صور قوقل
Image of Sciaena umbra (Brown meagre)
Sciaena umbra
Picture by Patzner, R.


Turkey country information

Common names: Eşkina, Eşkine balığı, Iskine
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: protected | Ref: Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari, 2007
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Known from the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea and its watersheds, Mediterranean Sea, European Black Sea watersheds, European Mediterranean Sea watersheds, Anatolian Mediterranean Sea watersheds, Anatolian Black Sea watersheds and Asi Nehri/Orontes watershed (Ref. 58342). Found in central coast of Black Sea (Sinop and Samsun vicinity) (Ref. 88083). Threatened by commercial fishing and eutrophication/pollution. Collection of this species is forbidden (Ref. 58342). Also Ref. 4780, 57855. Status of threat: Vulnerable (Ref. 58342).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari, 2007
National Database: CLOMFOT

Common names from other countries

التصنيف / Names الأسماء الشائعة | مرادفات | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Sciaena: Greek, skiaina, skion = a fish, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range البيئة

بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 1 - 200 m (Ref. 9505).   Subtropical; 51°N - 13°N, 19°W - 42°E

التوزيع دول | مناطق الفاو | النظام البيئي | الظهور | Point map | مقدمة | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Southern Bay of Biscay to Mauritania, occasionally southwards to Senegal. Also throughout the Mediterranean and Black seas. Records from Ghana (Ref. 6810) and Gabon (Ref. 5516) are questionable. Two records in Belgium were actually for Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Ref. 117298). The record off Wimereux is a misinterpretation during data entry mistake from the the Müller (2004, Ref. YYY) (Bailly, pers. comm., March 2018).

Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر

Maturity: Lm 23.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397); common length : 28.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397); العمر: 21 سنين (Ref. 9505)

وصف مختصر مفاتيح التعريف | الوصف الخارجي | قياسات المظهر الخارجي

الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 23 - 25; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7 - 8.

أحياء     المصطلحات (على سبيل المثال epibenthic)

Occurs in shallow coastal waters mainly on rocky and sandy bottoms, often entering estuaries and more active at night. Also inhabits caves and reefs (Ref. 9987). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 4780). SCUBA diving observations suggest this to be a very calm fish with remarkable buoyancy control and an ability to move without much apparent effort (Ref. 9505). Marketed fresh and frozen; in Turkey, otoliths are ground to a powder and used as remedy for urinary tract infections (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

المرجع الرئيسي Upload your references | مراجع | المنظم | المتعاونين

Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  قريب من التهديد بالخطر (NT) ; Date assessed: 03 March 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر للأنسان

  Harmless




استخدامات بشرية

مصائد: تجاري
FAO(مصائد: الأنتاج; publication : search) | FishSource | البحر حولنا

مزيد من المعلومات

Trophic ecology
عناصر الغذاء
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
مفتريسات
Ecology
البيئة
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
الطول- الترددات
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
التكاثر
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
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Distribution
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Anatomy
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دماغ
عظمة الأذن
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
نوع السباحة
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
أصوات الأسماك
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
جيني
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
ملامح تربية الأحياء المائية
سلالات
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
References
مراجع

أدوات

تقارير خاصة

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مصادر علي الأنترنت

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12.8 - 19.6, mean 15.3 (based on 215 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00773 - 0.00937), b=3.08 (3.05 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref. 120179):  وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.19; tm=3; tmax=21).
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.88, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (62 of 100).
فئة السعر (Ref. 80766):   Very high.