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Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Turbot
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Scophthalmus maximus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Scophthalmus maximus
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Sweden country information

Common names: Piggvar
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurrence: Native and regular (Ref. 30402).
National Checklist: Sweden checklist - Fish
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978
National Database: Swedish Museum of Natural History

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) 鰈形目 (Flatfishes) > Scophthalmidae (Turbots) 菱鮃科 (Turbots)
Etymology: Scophthalmus: Greek, skopelos = a lantern fish + Greek, ophthalmos = eyes (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 70 m (Ref. 6302).   溫帶; 70°N - 30°N, 25°W - 42°E

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean and along the European coasts to Arctic Circle; also found in most of the Baltic Sea. Subspecies Psetta maxima maeotica in the Black Sea.
東北大西洋: 在地中海各處而且沿著歐洲的岸邊到北極圈圓圈; 也發現於大部分的波羅海。 在黑海的亞種 瘤棘鮃〔Psetta maxima〕 maeotica

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 40.8, range 41 - 54 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4703); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35388); common length :70 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 25.0 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年齡: 25 年 (Ref. 32766)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

Body almost circular. Eye side without scales but with large bony tubercles (Ref. 35388).
身體幾乎圓形。 眼側邊沒有鱗片但是有大的多骨小瘤.(參考文獻 35388)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults live on sandy, rocky or mixed bottoms; rather common in brackish waters. Feed mainly on other bottom-living fishes (sand-eels, gobies, etc.), and also, to a lesser extent, on larger crustaceans and bivalves. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Spawning season is between April and August; pelagic eggs. May reach 25 kg (Ref. 9988). Highly esteemed food fish. Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

成魚生活在沙的﹐岩石的或混合的底部上; 相當常見於半鹹淡水域。 主要捕食其他的底棲魚 (沙子-鰻魚,鰕虎魚, 等等。), 以及, 對較少的範圍, 在較大的甲殼動物與二枚貝上。 分批產卵者.(參考文獻 51846) 產卵季節在四月與八月之間; 大洋性的卵。 可以達到 25 公斤。 (參考文獻 9988) 深受喜愛的食用魚。 生鮮使用或冷凍; 清蒸, 油鍋炸的﹐火烤的, 煮沸., 微波.而且燒烤..(參考文獻 9988)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

Spawning usually happens between the months of February and April in the Mediterranean and from May to July in the Atlantic. Sequenced spawning every 2-4 days. Eggs have a single fat drop. Larvae are initially symmetric but, at the end of the metamorphosis (day 40-50, 25 mm), the right eye moves to the left side, losing its initial bilateral symmetry. Egg size 0.9 - 1.2 mm, larval length at hatching 2.7-3.1 mm.東北大西洋: 在地中海各處而且沿著歐洲的岸邊到北極圈圓圈; 也發現於大部分的波羅海。 在黑海的亞種 瘤棘鮃〔Psetta maxima〕 maeotica

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 December 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的




人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 產生, 魚種描繪; 漁業: 產生; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

更多資訊

Trophic ecology
食物相
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生態學
Home ranges
Anatomy
Gill areas
腦重體重比
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
游泳類型
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚的聲音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遺傳學
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水產養殖描述
品種
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參考文獻

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 5.9 - 11.9, mean 9.4 (based on 239 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5645   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00922 - 0.01365), b=3.06 (3.00 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15-0.28; tm=3-5; tmax=26; Fec=5 million).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (65 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.