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Distichodus engycephalus Günther, 1864

Perch
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drawing shows typical species in Distichodontidae.

Sudan (North) country information

Common names: Khraish, Kiki
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from the White Nile (Ref. 28714, 120561), Blue Nile (Ref. 28714) and Nile (Ref. 28714).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Moritz, T., Z.N. El Dayem, M.A. Abdallah and D. Neumann, 2019
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Grass-eaters, Gbasra, 窄头复齿脂鲤, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Characiformes (Characins) > Distichodontidae (Distichodus)
Etymology: Distichodus: Greek, di = two + Greek, stix, stichos = line, row (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Günther.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水 居於水底的.   熱帶

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Africa: present from Senegal to Cameroon, in Lake Chad basin and Nile River (Ref. 81638). Reported in the Senegal (Ref. 7094, 86396), Niger, Volta, Ogun, Chad (Ref. 2936, 86396), Cross (Ref. 2936, 7094, 81638, 86396) and Wouri (Ref. 2936, 7094) River basins.
非洲: 尼日 (Bamako 的下游) ，佛塔河， Ogun ，十字河，查德流域， Wouri 與尼羅河。 也已知來自塞內加爾。 (參考文獻 7094)

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2936); 最大體重: 1.5 kg (Ref. 3799)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 20 - 28; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 17. Diagnosis: mouth inferior; body depth 2.6-3.4x and head length 4.0-5.4x SL; caudal peduncle length <= its depth; eye diameter 3.5 (juveniles)-5.7x head length; 11-12 scales between lateral line and scaly process at bases of pelvic fins; juveniles with numerous small, dark, eye-sized, spots on sides (Ref. 2936, 86396). No round humeral spot, no vertical bars (Ref. 81638). 73-86 (Ref. 81638) or 75-86 (Ref. 86396) lateral line scales. 14-16 (Ref. 81638) or 15.5-16.5 (Ref. 86396) scales between dorsal fin and lateral line. 20-28 (Ref. 81638) or 22-27 (Ref. 86396) total dorsal fin rays. 13-17 (Ref. 81638) or 13-16 (Ref. 86396) total anal fin rays.
體高 2.6-3.4 x, 頭長 4-5.4 x SL。 尾柄長度 <= 它的高度。 圓吻。 眼直徑 3.5(稚魚)-5.7個 x 頭長。 有鱗的尾鰭有非圓形的葉。 身體通常灰色的, 比較深色的在背面在腹面是顏色淡的。 眼的上面部分淡紅的, 背部的有些有黑色的斑點。 在延伸至尾鰭的中央部份的尾柄幼魚有一個黑色的斑點; 一個橘色的斑點在胸鰭的水平的側線上跟隨著一個黑色的斑點了; 側邊垂直地有黑色的瘦長斑點。

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Maximum TL was recorded at 50 cm; prefers flowing water over rocky bottoms (Ref. 7094). Feeds on vegetation and periphyton (Ref. 28714).

最大體長TL記錄為 50 公分。 偏愛在岩石底部上的流動水。 (參考文獻 7094) 吃植物與固著生物。 (參考文獻 28714)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

非洲: 尼日 (Bamako 的下游) ，佛塔河， Ogun ，十字河，查德流域， Wouri 與尼羅河。 也已知來自塞內加爾。 (參考文獻 7094)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Gosse, J.-P. and E.J. Coenen, 1990. Distichodontidae. p. 237-260. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome I. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° XXVIII. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, 384 p. (Ref. 2936)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 October 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的




人類使用

漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02188 (0.00867 - 0.05518), b=3.03 (2.81 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.