South Africa country information

Common names: Donkerhaai, Dusky shark
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref: van der Elst, R., 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Ranges from Natal to False Bay. Common off Natal. Follows sardine shoals up and down the coast. Nursery grounds occur off Natal and the eastern Cape. Juveniles comprises a large part of recreational tournament catch; commercially fished on Natal coast (Ref. 4332). Caught in Natal shark nets. Angling record 326.6 kg; spearfishing record 26.4 kg (Ref. 12484). Also Ref. 244, 5485.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Requin de sable, Tiburón arenero, Shark, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) 真鯊目 (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks) 白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); obscurus: Latin for dark, probably referring to its darkish blue-gray body color. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Lesueur.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 半鹹淡水礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 400 m (Ref. 244), usually 200 - 400 m. 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 46°S, 120°W - 156°E (Ref. 55186)

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: southern Massachusetts to Florida (USA), Georges Bank, Bahamas, Cuba, northern Gulf of Mexico, Nicaragua, southern Brazil and Uruguay (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Senegal, Sierra Leone. Some records from the Mediterranean and Madeira may be based on Carcharhinus galapagensis. Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea (Ref. 5485), Mozambique and South Africa to Japan, China, Viet Nam and Australia. Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Island. Highly migratory species.
西大西洋: 南麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達 (美國) ，新英格蘭喬治亞淺灘，巴哈馬，古巴，墨西哥灣北部，尼加拉瓜，巴西南部與烏拉圭.(參考文獻 58839) 東大西洋: 加納利群島，塞內加爾的維德角，獅子山。一些來自地中海的紀錄，而且馬得拉群島可能是以 直翅真鯊〔Carcharhinus galapagensis〕 為依據。印度-西太平洋: 紅海 (參考文獻 5485) ，莫三比克與南非至日本，中國，越南與澳洲。東太平洋: 美國的南加州到加州灣與雷維拉吉哥多島。高度遷移的種, 1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: L_m 249.5, range 220 - 300 cm
Max length : 420 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5578); common length : 250 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26999); 最大體重: 346.5 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 40 年 (Ref. 31395)

簡短描述檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A large shark with a broadly rounded snout, triangular saw-edged upper teeth, curved moderate-sized pectoral fins, and an interdorsal ridge (Ref. 5578). Blue-grey, lead-grey above, white below; tips of pectoral and pelvic fins, as well as lower lobe of caudal fin and dorsal fins often dusky in young, plain in adults (Ref. 9997).
一大的鯊魚有一個寬圓形的吻，三角形的邊緣鋸狀的上顎齒，彎曲的中等大小的胸鰭 , 與一個間背脊.(參考文獻 5578) 藍灰色﹐上面鉛灰色﹐和腹面白色的; 胸鰭頂端與腹鰭, 以及尾鰭與背鰭的低葉時常暗色的當幼魚時, 成魚時沒有花紋.(參考文獻 9997)

Found in coastal and offshore waters but not oceanic (Ref. 5578). Adults are commonly found at depths of 200-400 m, young in shallower waters (Ref. 5485). A seasonal migratory species over parts of its range (Ref. 6871). Common component of the catch of the shark longline fishery (Ref.58048). Feeds on bottom and pelagic bony fish, sharks, skates, rays, cephalopods, gastropods, crustaceans, sometimes mammalian carrion and inorganic objects (Ref. 5578). Viviparous (Ref. 50449); with litter size number from 3-14 (Ref. 27549). Large adults are potentially dangerous (Ref. 4716, 6871). Utilized fresh, dried-salted, frozen and smoked for human consumption; hides for leather; fins for sharks-fin soup; and liver oil extracted for vitamins (Ref. 244).

發現於沿岸與離岸水域了但是不是大洋性.(參考文獻 5578) 成魚是發現於通常的深度 200-400 公尺, 幼魚在較水淺的水域.(參考文獻 5485) 在它的分佈範圍的部份上的一個季節性的迴游種.(參考文獻 6871) 吃底部與大洋性硬骨魚，鯊魚，魟魚，鰭條，頭足類動物，腹足動物，甲殼動物, 有時哺乳動物的腐肉與無機的目標.(參考文獻 5578) 胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 大的成魚可能危險。 (參考文獻 4716,6871) 生鮮使用, 被凍結而且煙燻供人類消費的乾燥鹽醃; 皮用做皮革; 鰭用於魚翅湯; 而且肝油吸取了用於維他命.(參考文獻 244)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta, litter size 3-14 pups (Ref. 244); 70-100 cm at birth (Ref. 6871). Gestation period of ~ 16 months (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 南麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達 (美國) ，新英格蘭喬治亞淺灘，巴哈馬，古巴，墨西哥灣北部，尼加拉瓜，巴西南部與烏拉圭.(參考文獻 58839) 東大西洋: 加納利群島，塞內加爾的維德角，獅子山。一些來自地中海的紀錄，而且馬得拉群島可能是以 直翅真鯊〔Carcharhinus galapagensis〕 為依據。印度-西太平洋: 紅海 (參考文獻 5485) ，莫三比克與南非至日本，中國，越南與澳洲。東太平洋: 美國的南加州到加州灣與雷維拉吉哥多島。高度遷移的種, 1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | 合作者

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

對人類具威脅

引起創傷的 (Ref. 4690)

人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的

FAO(漁業: 產生, 魚種描繪; publication : search) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.7 - 18.6, mean 12.6 (based on 736 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00428 - 0.01346), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

回復力 (Ref. 120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (rm=0.02; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)).

Prior r = 0.09, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.13, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).

價格種類 (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

簡短描述檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | 合作者

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

更多資訊

工具

特別的報告

下載 XML

網路資源

Estimates based on models

Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性 字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | 合作者

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

對人類具威脅

人類使用

更多資訊

工具

特別的報告

下載 XML

網路資源

Estimates based on models

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

簡短描述檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

生物學特性字彙 (例如 epibenthic)