South Africa country information

Common names: Estuarine round-herring, Rivier-rondeharing, Whitebait
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P. and T. Wongratana, 1986
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref: van der Elst, R., 1993
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Type locality of the syntypes of Spratelloides aestuarius: 'tidal portion of the Zwartkops River near Port Elizabeth, also in some of the tidal rivers near East London' (Ref. 118212). Known along southern African coast (Ref. 188, 7248, 118219) and estuaries (Ref. 6190, 118225, 118230), from the Kosi system (Ref. 118231, 118239), Lake Saint Lucia (Ref. 36761, 118231, 118233) and Lake Sibaya (Ref. 1666, 12501, 83366, 86423, 118223) south to at least Knysna (Ref. 3259), also Saldanha Bay and as far north as the Olifants River on the west coast (Ref. 7248, 52193), possibly north to Orange River mouth (Ref. 188, 3259). Also known from lower parts of rivers (Ref. 3259), including Kowie River (Ref. 118239), Kariega River (Ref. 118239), Buffalo River (Ref. 3259, 118219), Swartkops River (Ref. 2637, 3259, 118212), Breede River (Ref. 93592), Kars River (Ref. 93592), Klein River (Ref. 93592) and Verlorenvlei (Ref. 93592, 118239), and Lake Cubhu (Ref. 118240). Also Ref. 615, 1953, 12484, 36031, 58350, 80059, 93596.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Skelton, P.H., 2001
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Estuaariheeringas, Gilchrists rundsild, Herink jihoafrický, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Ehiravidae (River sprats)
Etymology: Gilchristella: Because of John Gilchrist, father of the South African ichthyology; Cape Town, 1925.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 非产卵性溯降河的. 亞熱帶的; 25°S - 36°S, 17°E - 34°E (Ref. 188)

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Africa: Lake Piti, Mozambique, along south and east coasts of South Africa to Saldanha Bay (Ref. 188, 3509), and as far north as the Olifants River on the west coast (Ref. 7248), possibly to mouth of Orange River (Ref. 188, 3259). Also reported from Madagascar (Ref. 3509, 13333), but its presence is not confirmed; it is probably based on confusion with Sauvagella madagascariensis, while Gilchristella aestuaria does not occur in Madagascar (Ref. 33664). Reported occurrence in India (Ref. 32693) is of dubious validity (Ref. 33664). Currently a single species, but at least two forms, possibly different species, are known (Ref. 52193).
非洲: 莫三比克的披悌湖沿著非洲南部岸邊到沙丹那灣，可能橘河口。 (但是可能被有另一個未描述的種混淆) 在印度 (參考文獻 32693) 的發現記錄需要確認。 (參考文獻 33664) 在馬達加斯加水域 (參考文獻 13333) 的發生的報告是錯誤。 (參考文獻 33664)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m 2.8, range 2 - 3 cm
Max length : 9.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 52193); 最大年龄: 6 年 (Ref. 7248)

简单描述检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 14 - 15; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 20. Diagnosis: Body rather compressed, belly rounded, with 6 to 9 thin unkeeled pre-pelvic scutes followed by an equally thin pelvic scute, all with slender ascending arms; no post-pelvic scutes; snout pointed, lower jaw a little prominent, with a single row of fine teeth in each jaw; posterior supra-maxilla paddle-shaped; gillrakers 39 to 76, gillrakers small but present on posterior face of third epibranchial; pelvic fin with i-7 finrays, under or a little before dorsal fin origin (Ref. 188). Resembles Spratelloides species or juvenile Etrumeus and Dussumieria, but pre-pelvic scutes present; other clupeids occuring in same area have keeled pre-pelvic and post-pelvic scutes (Ref. 188).
6 到 9个不隆起的前腹鳍鳞甲,跟随着一个同样细的腹鳍鳞甲了, 全部有细长的上手臂; 没有在腹鳍之后的鳞甲。吻端尖的, 下颌稍微突出, 在每个颌中具有一个单列的细齿; 第二个上颚骨桨状的。鳃耙小的但是位于第三个上鳃骨的后面之上.(比较不存在于 南亚多棱圆鲱［Ehirava fluviatilis］ )

Occurs in the sea, but found mostly in estuaries; also found in landlocked brackish and freshwater lagoons (Ref. 93596), also rivers and lakes (Ref. 188). Maximum size 10 cm (Ref. 4967). Entire life cycle is completed in the estuary (Ref. 32693). Breeds throughout the year with a peak in spring and early summer (Ref. 7248, 52193). Maturity may be attained within the first or second year and an age of up to 5 or 6 years is recorded (Ref. 7248, 52193). Feeds chiefly on zooplankton by filtering or selecting individual organisms from the water column (Ref. 7248, 52193). It can tolerate salinities under 4 ppt and of up to 52.6 ppt (Ref. 32693). Utilized fresh or dried and salted (Ref. 12484).

主要地在河口与泻湖中生存, 也发现于湖与河。整个的生命周期在河口被完成。 (参考文献 32693) 能容忍在 4 下面的盐度 ppt 与向上到 52.6个 ppt.(参考文献 32693) 全年繁殖在春天与初夏具有一个高峰。第一个或第二年与超过 5 或 6 年被记录可能达到成熟在。主要捕食浮游动物被过滤或淘选个别的生物从水中.(参考文献 7248) 生鲜使用或乾燥与盐腌的.(参考文献 12484)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

A semelparous species that grows to maturity and spawns in one year (Ref. 34361).非洲: 莫三比克的披悌湖沿著非洲南部岸邊到沙丹那灣，可能橘河口。 (但是可能被有另一個未描述的種混淆) 在印度 (參考文獻 32693) 的發現記錄需要確認。 (參考文獻 33664) 在馬達加斯加水域 (參考文獻 13333) 的發生的報告是錯誤。 (參考文獻 33664)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2007

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 自给性渔业; 诱饵: usually

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

工具

特别资料

核实相关养殖管理页面 | 核实相关物种介绍页面 | 核实相关水产介绍页面

下载 XML

摘要页面 | 点图资料 | 俗名 | 图片

网络资源

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00477 - 0.01914), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (tm=0.5).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Low.

Gilchristella aestuaria (Gilchrist, 1913)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

Gilchristella aestuaria (Gilchrist, 1913)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性 字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

简单描述检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)