Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal. Subtropical
Southeast Atlantic: Knysna to East London (South Africa).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4919)
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 10 - 12. Color dark, belly pale; dark lines from above anal fin to chin; anus, pectoral base and gill opening in rounded black areas, and a black bar each side of angle of mouth along lower lip; fins dusky (Ref. 4919).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Smith, M.M. and P.C. Heemstra, 1986. Tetraodontidae. p. 894-903. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4919)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Poisonous to eat
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 16.3 - 22, mean 19 (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03715 (0.01569 - 0.08798), b=2.87 (2.70 - 3.04), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).