Russian Federation country information

Common names: Ech-ech, Gorbuscha, Gorbusha
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Dgebuadze, Y.Y., 2016
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Has been reported in the lower reaches of the Amguena, Kolyma and Indigirka Rivers. Occurs in the Amur River (Ref. 26334). Known from Peter the Great Bay to the Lena River (Ref. 1998), Sakhalin and the maritime province of Siberia and Kamchatka peninsula (Ref. 12218). This has been translocated to areas within the country for stocking in open waters. It has rapidly expanded its range and may now be widely established in the country (Ref. 45022). Has been periodically introduced into the rivers flowing into the Barents and White Seas. In 1956-78, over 200 million eggs were shipped from Sakhalin Islands to Kola Peninsula (Murmansk region) and White Sea; now established in that area (Ref. 59043). Also Ref. 27436, 12218, 27681, 37812, 43202, 55804, 96339, 119200. EurRus
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Saumon rose, Salmón rosado, سلمون وردي, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335); gorbuscha: gorbuscha which is the Russian name for this fish in Alaska (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の底生の; 昇流魚 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550). Subtropical; ? - 21°C (Ref. 12741); 79°N - 32°N, 117°E - 120°W (Ref. 117423)

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Arctic and Pacific drainages from Mackenzie River delta, Northwest Territories, Canada to Sacramento River drainage, in California, USA; occasionally as far as La Jolla, southern California; also in northeast Asia (Ref. 86798). On Asia side, from North Korea to Jana and Lena drainages in Artic Russia. In Bering Sea north of about 40°N and from Bering Strait northeast to Point Barrow and northwest to Lena estuary (Ref. 59043). Introduced elsewhere. Occasionally hybridizes with Oncorhynchus keta producing fertile offspring (Ref. 28983).

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: L_m 45.0, range 40 - 50 cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 86798); common length : 50.5 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 12193); 最大公表体重: 6.8 kg (Ref. 27436); 最大記録サイズ: 3.00 年 (Ref. 27547)

簡単な記述検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 10 - 15; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 11 - 19; 脊つい: 63 - 72. Distinguished by the presence of large black spots on the back and on both lobes of the caudal fin; the young have no parr marks (Ref. 27547). Body fusiform, streamlined, somewhat laterally compressed; moderately, deeper in breeding males (Ref. 1998). Mouth terminal, normally very little oblique but greatly deformed in breeding males, with lower jaw enlarged, turned up at tip, mouth unable to close (Ref. 1998). Adipose fin large; pelvic fins with axillary process (Ref. 27547). Fish in the sea are steel blue to blue-green on the back, silver on the sides and white on the belly; large oval spots present on the back, adipose fin and both lobes of the caudal fin (Ref. 27547). Breeding males become dark on the back, red with brownish green blotches on the sides; breeding females are similar but less distinctly colored (Ref. 27547). Differs from Oncorhynchus mykiss by having the following unique characters: anal fin with 11-15½ (usually 13½ ) branched rays; 177-240 scales in midlateral row; 26-33 gill rakers; large mature males with enormous hump; juveniles lacking parr marks; and lacking pink to red stripe on flank (Ref. 59043).

An anadromous species which inhabits ocean and coastal streams (Ref. 5723, 86798). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Pelagic at the sea. In freshwater, lives in Montane and Piedmont rivers with moderate to fast current and gravel bottom. Spawns in riffles or at head of riffles in shallow water with current up to 1.5 m/s, and clean coarse gravel (Ref. 59043). Spends 18 months at sea after which spawning migration to the natal river or stream occurs; but because the species is less certain of its homing and there is a certain degree of wandering, streams as much as 640 km from natal streams may be used (Ref. 1998, 27547). Upon emerging from the gravel, fry immediately move downstream and remain inshore for a few months before going out to sea. Fry may feed on nymphal and larval insects while in fresh water, but may not feed at all. In the sea, young feed on copepods and larvacean tunicates, its diet shifting to amphipods, euphausiids and fishes as the fish grows (Ref. 27547). Other food include ostracods, decapod larvae, cirripeds, tunicates, dipterous insects (Ref. 1998, 27547). Fry may be preyed upon by birds and mammals while adults by marine mammals and large fish (Ref. 1998). Mostly sold canned (Ref. 1998) but also utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; also valued for caviar, especially in Japan; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). The smallest of the true salmon (Ref. 12218).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Adults develop secondary sexual characteristics during their upstream migration (Ref. 1998), which occurs any time from June to late September, depending on location (Ref. 27547). Male develop a humpback, an enlarged head and large teeth on both jaws that form a pronounced hooked type (Ref. 59043). The upstream run seems to be triggered by high water (Ref. 27547). Female builds the redd by lying on one side and using its tail, it displaces silt and light gravel to produce a deep trough. Male spends most of the time driving off intruding males. When the redd is completed, the female drops into it, followed immediately by the male. They open their mouths, vibrate and release eggs and sperm. In some cases, several males spawn with a single female. The eggs are then covered as the female digs a new redd at the upstream edge of the previous one. Adults live up to a few weeks after spawning before they die (Ref. 1998, 27547). Reported to die 10-20 days after spawning (Ref. 59043). About 1200-1800 eggs are laid. After hatching and the yellow egg yolk is absorbed, if the hatchling doesn't have a parr mark they go to the ocean and come again to the same birthplace stream the next year during spring after growing for 16-18 months. Survival rates are low, at 1-25% (taken from a Canadian river) (Ref. 12218). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

評価されなかった

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

Harmless

Human uses

水産業: 高い商業の; 水産養殖: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい

FAO(水産業: 代謝, 種の外形; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

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インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.5 - 9.3, mean 3.3 (based on 572 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00644 - 0.02046), b=3.08 (2.92 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

栄養段階 (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.

回復力 (Ref. 120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (tm=2; tmax=3; Fec=800).

Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.83, Based on 4 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).

価格帯 (Ref. 80766): Low.

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

分布国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

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Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

人間に対する脅威

Human uses

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Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

生物学 用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

人間に対する脅威

Human uses

より多くの情報

用具

特記事項

XMLをダウンロードして下さい

インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

分布国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

簡単な記述検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

生物学用語集 (例 epibenthic)