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Molva molva (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ling
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Molva molva   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Molva molva
Picture by Svensen, E.


Portugal country information

Common names: Donzela, Maruca
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist: Portugal
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
National Database: Portuguese Freshwater Fishes

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology:   More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍໃນສະເພາະມາະຫາສະມຸດ (Ref. 51243); ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 35388), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 35388).   Temperate; 75°N - 35°N, 55°W - 44°E (Ref. 54595)

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Northwest Atlantic: off southern Greenland and Canada. Northeast Atlantic: Barents Sea and Iceland to Morocco. Mediterranean Sea: northwestern Mediterranean only.

Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: Lm 92.5, range 90 - 100 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 1371); common length : 106 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 1371); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 45.0 kg (Ref. 35388); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 25 ປີ (Ref. 35388)

Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 75 - 83; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 58 - 64; ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫຼັງ: 63 - 65. Upper jaw projecting beyond lower one. Color is reddish brown dorsally, grading to white ventrally. The posterior areas of the vertical fins dark with pale margins. The sides distinctly marbled (Ref. 232). Barbel is present in the chin, longer than the diameter of the eye. Black spot in the rear end of the first dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle stout compared to blue ling (Ref. 35388).

ຊີວະສາດ     ຄຳແປສັບ (ຕ.ຢ. epibenthic)

Occurs mainly on rocky bottoms in fairly deep water (Ref. 9988). Found more commonly from 100 to 400 m. Feeds on fish (cod, herring, flatfish), lobsters, cephalopods and starfishes. Principal spawning areas are Biscay, slopes west of the British Isles and off the Faeroes and southern Iceland (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh, dried or salted and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Major spawning grounds are located at 200 m depth from the Bay of Biscay to the Gulf of Norway at 100 to 300 m off southern Iceland, and at 50 to 300 m in the Mediterranean Sea. Fecundity may reach 20 to 60 million eggs per female (Ref. 1371).

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)


CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ມີການຄ້າສູງ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ

ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

Trophic ecology
ລາຍການອາຫານ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
ຜູ້ລ້າ
Ecology
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
Home ranges
Life cycle
ການສືບພັນ
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ
Anatomy
Gill areas
ສະໝອງ
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
ປະເພດການລອຍ
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
ສຽງຂອງປາ
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
ກຳມະພັນ
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

ເຄື່ອງມື

Special reports

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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 4.6 - 11.3, mean 7.7 (based on 438 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00241 - 0.00628), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179):  ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (K=0.12; tm=5-6; tmax=25; Fec=60 million).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.82, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Low.