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Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758

Wels catfish
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Image of Silurus glanis (Wels catfish)
Silurus glanis
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Poland country information

Common names: Sum, Sum pospolity
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Important food fish in early-mediaeval times (Ref. 52270 ). Considered a delicacy (Ref. 80674).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.-C. Hureau, 1971
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Siluriformes (Catfishes) > Siluridae (Sheatfishes)
Etymology: Silurus: Greek, silouros = a cat fish + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 底生の漂泳性; 移住性ではない; 深さの範囲 0 - 30 m (Ref. 9988).   Temperate; 4°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 62°N - 36°N, 0°E - 80°E

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Europe and Asia. North, Baltic, Black, Caspian and Aral Sea basins, as far north as southern Sweden and Finland; Aegean Sea basin in Maritza and from Struma to Sperchios drainages; Turkey. Absent from the rest of Mediterranean basin. Now widely introduced and translocated throught Europe and Lake Balkhash basin in Kazakhstan. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 87.5, range 86 - 108 cm
Max length : 273 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 123627); 最大公表体重: 130.0 kg (Ref. 123627); 最大記録サイズ: 80 年 (Ref. 59043)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 1; 背鰭 (合計) : 4 - 5; 肛門の骨: 1; 臀鰭: 83 - 95. Distinguished from all other freshwater fishes in Europe by the following unique characters: two pairs of mental barbels; and anal fin with 83-91½ rays. Differs further from the following combination of features: body naked; large, depressed head; dorsal fin with 2-4½ rays; caudal fin rounded or truncate; no adipose fin; and anal rays almost touching caudal (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 17 rays (Ref. 2196).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

The maximum length of the species has been recorded as 5 m for a long time and the maximum weight as 306 kg . It has been demonstatred that misidentifications and problems of measurment units have led to these numbers. The recorded maxima with evidence are 2.73 m and 130 kg (Ref. 123627). Inhabits large and medium size lowland rivers, backwaters and well vegetated lakes (Ref. 59043). Occurs mainly in large lakes and rivers, though occasionally enters brackish water in the Baltic and Black Seas (Ref. 9988). Found in deep waters of dams constructed on the lower reaches of rivers (Ref. 9696). A nocturnal predator, foraging near bottom and in water column. Larvae and juveniles are benthic, feeding on a wide variety of invertebrates and fish. Adults prey on fish and other aquatic vertebrates. Attains first sexual maturity at 2-3 years of age (Ref. 59043). Spawns in the salt water of the Aral Sea (at Kulandy) (Ref. 1441). Marketed fresh, canned and frozen; can be pan-fried and baked (Ref. 9988). Locally threatened due to river regulation destroying shallow spawning sites (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Males defend small territories in the spawning sites and construct nests made of plant materials. They dig shallow depressions or clean spawning substrate such as willow (Salix) and roots. Males guard the nests until larvae emerge. Spawns in pairs. Eggs hatch in 2-3 days. Larvae live in the nest until yolk sac is absorbed for 2-4 (Ref. 59043). Eggs are surrounded by a mucous and adherent wrapping. Incubation lasts about 50 hours at 24°C. Egg size 3 mm, larval length at hatching 8.5 mm (Ref. 26211).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  軽度懸念 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Potential pest




Human uses

水産業: 商業; 水産養殖: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 代謝; 水産業: 代謝; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

より多くの情報

Trophic ecology
食品種目概要について
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食動物
Ecology
生態学
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体長組成
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
幼生
幼生の動力
Anatomy
Gill areas

Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
水泳形態
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚の音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遺伝子の
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水産養殖の紹介
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インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00525 - 0.00759), b=2.99 (2.94 - 3.04), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低い, 4.5年~14年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (tm=3-4; tmax=30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.