Philippines country information

Common names: Balinauag, Pagi
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens and M.N.R. Alava, 2005
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 280.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Porcupine ray, Black spotted ray, Porcupine ray, ... more

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Urogymnus: Greek, oura = tail + Greek, gymnos = naked (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Issue
Urogymnus africanus and Urogymnus asperrimus are considered synonyms and both are originally described in the same work. There is uncertainty about which name has priority, and thus both names can be found as valid; the first reviser is not researched (Eschmeyer, 2014).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin; saumâtre récifal; profondeur 15 - 217 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 31°N - 31°S, 20°W - 177°W

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and coast of East Africa to the Marshall Islands and Fiji, south to northern Australia (Ref. 2334). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire (Ref. 4438).

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m ?, range 100 - ? cm
Max length : 147 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 58048)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Diagnosis: A heavily armored stingray lacking a venomous barb; young with large, flat denticles on upper surface, and large juveniles and adults with additional sharp conical thorns and small, pointed denticles (Ref. 5578).

Inhabits the continental shelf area (Ref. 2334), but capable of entering coastal lagoons (Ref. 81259). Found on sand and coral rubble areas near reefs (Ref. 9840), often in caves. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Due to its difficult handling, it is probably of limited commercial value (Ref. 9840). Its thorn can inflict a painful injury; caught commonly by demersal tangle net fisheries; utilized for its meat, skin (very high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : McEachran, John | Collaborateurs

Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Vulnérable, voir Liste Rouge IUCN (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 20 February 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Traumatogenic (Ref. 2334)

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

Plus d'informations

Trophic ecology
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Ecology
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Population dynamics
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Sources Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.5 (based on 2874 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00366 - 0.01891), b=3.10 (2.90 - 3.30), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.46 se; based on food items.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (Assuming fecundity<100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): Low.

Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)