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Gymnura australis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)

Australian butterfly ray
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Image of Gymnura australis (Australian butterfly ray)
Gymnura australis
Picture by Gloerfelt-Tarp, T.

Papua New Guinea country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Thus far known only from the southern coast but possibly in the north as well (Ref. 9918). Also Ref. 6871, 75154.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pp.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.spc.org.nc/coastfish/Countries/PNG/png.htm
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999
National Database:

Common names from other countries

澳洲燕魟, Sydlig sommerfuglerokke, Motýlovec australský, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii 板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
  More on authors: Ramsay & Ogilby.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 250 - ? m (Ref. 114953).   熱帶; 2°S - 35°S, 111°E - 155°E (Ref. 114953)

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: northern Australia and south coast of New Guinea (Refs. 9819, 114953). Also in the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819).
印度-西太平洋: 澳洲北部與新幾內亞的南部海岸。 也在阿拉弗拉海中.(參考文獻 9819)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm 37.5, range 35 - 40 cm
Max length : 94.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 114953); 最大体重: 7.4 kg (Ref. 114953)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

A benthic species. Found on coastal to offshore on continental shelf in open sandy, muddy and silty habitat, including estuaries and intertidal zones. Mainly feeds on bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size 35-42 cm WD (males) and 44-46 cm WD (females); hatch size 22-25 cm DW. Produces litters of 1-6 pups (Ref. 114953). Caught by shrimp trawlers.

生存于潮间带到至少 50 公尺深。 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 被虾底拖网捕获了。

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 澳洲北部與新幾內亞的南部海岸。 也在阿拉弗拉海中.(參考文獻 9819)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : McEachran, John | 合作者

Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 March 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

渔业: 低经济
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 25.6 - 28.7, mean 27.7 (based on 360 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00352 - 0.01710), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.