Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 75 - 440 m (Ref. 7251). Tropical; 32°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: Georgia, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; not occurring in the West Indies.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.6 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 115012); common length : 20.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); peso máx. publicado: 556.60 g (Ref. 115012)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais (total) : 9 - 10; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 6. Snout length almost equal to orbit diameter; third dorsal spine not elongated (Ref. 13608).
Found on soft substrate. Have a thick glandular tissue on posterior margin of fin spines which is believed to be venomous (Ref. 57406).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Uso pelos humanos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 13.6 - 23.5, mean 18.8 (based on 99 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00674 - 0.01956), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).