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Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872)

Southern hake
إضافة ملاحظاتك Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Merluccius australis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Merluccius australis (Southern hake)
Merluccius australis
Picture by SeaFIC

Common names from other countries

التصنيف / Names الأسماء الشائعة | مرادفات | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).

Issue
Reported as M. polylepis in Patagonian waters.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range البيئة

بحري قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 28 - 1000 m (Ref. 58489).   Subtropical; 33°S - 59°S, 165°E - 66°W (Ref. 58452)

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Circumglobal in the southern hemisphere (Ref. 7300). Two distinct groups. New Zealand population: Chatham Rise, Campbell Plateau and South Island northward to the East Cape. Patagonian population: Chiloé Island in the Pacific, southward around the southern tip of South America to the continental shelf to 59°S, and the slope north to 38°S in the Atlantic.

Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر

Maturity: Lm 74.7, range 75 - 85 cm
Max length : 155 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 58452); common length : 80.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 1371); العمر: 30 سنين (Ref. 9072)

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الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 1; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 48 - 57; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 40 - 46; فقرات: 53 - 58. Body more slender than other hakes. Pectoral fins long and slender, stripe reaching anal fin in young individuals but not in fish over 50 cm in SL. Gill rakers short and thick with blunt tips. Color is steel gray on back grading to silvery white ventrally.

أحياء     المصطلحات (على سبيل المثال epibenthic)

Found at depths between 415 and 1000 m in New Zealand waters, and 62 to 800 m in South American waters. The Patagonian population feeds on southern blue whiting, whiptail, nototheniids and squids. The New Zealand population feeds mainly on fishes (especially gadoids), squids, euphausiids and benthic organisms. Adults probably migrate southward during the southern summer for feeding and return to the north in winter for spawning (Ref. 1371). Spawning takes place from August to September on the western coast of South Island, from September to November in the northern part of the Campbell Plateau, and between November and January on Chatham Rise (Ref. 58452). Utilized as food fish and fishmeal.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

المرجع الرئيسي Upload your references | مراجع | المنظم | المتعاونين

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)


CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر للأنسان

  Harmless




استخدامات بشرية

مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية

مزيد من المعلومات

Trophic ecology
عناصر الغذاء
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
مفتريسات
Ecology
البيئة
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
الطول- الترددات
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
التكاثر
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
حركة انتقال اليرقات
Distribution
دول
مناطق الفاو
النظام البيئي
الظهور
مقدمة
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
دماغ
عظمة الأذن
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
نوع السباحة
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
أصوات الأسماك
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
جيني
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
ملامح تربية الأحياء المائية
سلالات
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
References
مراجع

أدوات

تقارير خاصة

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مصادر علي الأنترنت

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.2 - 13.3, mean 8.6 (based on 112 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00334 - 0.00475), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref. 69278):  4.3   ±0.74 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref. 120179):  منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (K=0.07-0.19; tm=6-10; tmax=30).
Prior r = 0.24, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.35, Based on 4 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (61 of 100).
فئة السعر (Ref. 80766):   Medium.