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Parapercis colias (Forster, 1801)

New Zealand blue cod
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Parapercis colias   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Parapercis colias
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New Zealand country information

Common names: Blue cod, Raawaru
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Occurs in rocky areas throughout New Zealand coastal waters but most common in the southern region and the Chatham Is. (Ref. 9258). Recorded from bottom trawls off the east coast of South Island (Ref. 58461). Available throughout the year but landings peak during winter (Ref. 9258). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ. Also Ref. 3243, 9072, 45493, 45524.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Blue cod, 新西兰拟鲈, Sandbarsch, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei (Sand dwellers) > Pinguipedidae (Sandperches)
Etymology: Parapercis: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Forster.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海 底生の; 深さの範囲 52 - 150 m (Ref. 9072).   Temperate; 34°S - 52°S, 163°E - 175°W

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: restricted to New Zealand.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 14.5, range 10 - 19 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 3243); common length : 35.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9258); 最大公表体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 3243); 最大記録サイズ: 17 年 (Ref. 9072)

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Inhabits rocky areas to a depth of 150 m (Ref. 9258). Carnivore which feeds mainly on small fish and crabs. Feeds by stalking its prey and swallowing it whole. Adults are home-ranging (Ref. 26966). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 58489.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Ho, Hsuan-Ching | 協力者

Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  軽度懸念 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless




Human uses

水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO(水産業: 代謝; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.5 - 16.5, mean 12.6 (based on 29 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00685 - 0.01057), b=3.13 (3.07 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.66; tm=2; tmax=17).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   High.