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Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Whiting
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Merlangius merlangus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Merlangius merlangus
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Netherlands country information

Common names: Koudgerookte vlinders, Wijting
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot, 1974
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Gadiformes (Cods) 鱈形目 (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks) 鱈科 (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Merlangius: French, merlan = a fish (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 200 m (Ref. 1371), usually 30 - 100 m (Ref. 1371).   溫帶; 72°N - 35°N, 27°W - 42°E

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: southeastern Barents Sea and Iceland to Portugal, also in the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Adriatic Sea and adjacent areas. Rare in the northwestern Mediterranean.
東北大西洋: 東南方的巴倫支海與冰島到葡萄牙, 也在黑海,愛琴海, 亞得里亞海與毗連的區域中。 稀有的在在西北部的地中海。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 28.2, range 28 - 30 cm
Max length : 91.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 106276); common length : 23.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 3.1 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 35388)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 30 - 40; 臀鰭軟條: 30 - 35. Body elongate; head small. Chin barbel small or absent. Lateral-line canals on head with pores. Color is variable; yellowish-brown, dark blue or green, sides yellowish grey, white and silvery on belly; often with a small dark blotch at the upper base of the pectoral fin.
細長的身體; 頭部小的。 下巴觸鬚小或不存在。 側線管頭部有孔之上。 色彩是可變的; 土黃色,深藍色或綠色, 側邊黃灰色的﹐白色的與銀色的在腹面上; 時常在胸鰭的上面基底具有一個小的黑色斑塊。

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

More commonly found from 30 to 100 m, mainly on mud and gravel bottoms, but also on sand and rock. Feed on shrimps, crabs, mollusks, small fish, polychaetes and cephalopods. Migrate to the open sea only after the first year of life. Eggs are pelagic. Larvae and juveniles are associated with jellyfish. Upon maturity, small chin barbel characteristic of juveniles disappear (Ref. 53061). Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).

通常從 30 到 100 公尺發現, 主要在泥與礫石底部上, 也在沙子與岩石上。 捕食蝦,螃蟹,軟體動物,小魚,多毛類動物與頭足類動物。 只有在第一個年之後迴游到開放海域。 卵是大洋性的。 仔魚與稚魚被伴隨著水母。 在成熟之上,稚魚的小下巴觸鬚特性消失。 (參考文獻 53061) 產卵於一批中。 (參考文獻 51846) 生鮮使用, 乾燥或鹽醃, 煙燻與冷凍的; 清蒸, 火烤而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).東北大西洋: 東南方的巴倫支海與冰島到葡萄牙, 也在黑海,愛琴海, 亞得里亞海與毗連的區域中。 稀有的在在西北部的地中海。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 October 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的




人類使用

漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
FAO(漁業: 產生, 魚種描繪; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

更多資訊

Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
仔魚
稚魚動力學
Distribution
國家
FAO區域
生態系
發現紀錄
簡介
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
腦重體重比
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
游泳類型
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚的聲音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遺傳學
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水產養殖描述
品種
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Stamps, coins, misc.
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7 - 11.9, mean 9.2 (based on 409 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00548 - 0.00694), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (rm=1.1-1.6(?); K=0.07-0.74; tm=1-4; tmax=20; Fec>100,000).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 20 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.