Namibia country information

Common names: Backwater butterflyray, Rem-vinderrog
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Ranges from central Namibia southward (common). Caught incidentally by offshore trawlers (Ref. 27121). Prized by anglers, often released. Also Ref. 11228, 36731.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/wa.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.benefit.org.na/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Raie-papillon du Natal, Raya mariposa de Natal, Backwater butterflyray, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Gilchrist & Thompson.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; diepte 20 - 100 m (Ref. 28016). Subtropical

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Southeast Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean: Namibia round the Cape to southern Mozambique.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ?, range 150 - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm WD mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3263); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 82.6 kg (Ref. 40637)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0. Broad diamond-shaped pectoral disc almost twice as wide as it is long; tail shorter than body with black and white bands and a small sting; tentacle at rear edge of each spiracle (Ref. 5578). Grey, green or brown above, often with darker mottling; white below; can change color of upper disc rapidly to match substrate (Ref. 5578).

Occurs off sandy beaches, muddy estuaries and offshore banks. Found singly or in large groups (Ref. 5578). Feeds on a variety of fishes, crabs and polychaete worms (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Ability to change markings and color to blend into environment (Ref. 3263). Caught by offshore trawlers (Ref. 5578). Caught by shore anglers, it is prized for its strong fight when hooked, often released (Ref. 5578).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). One year gestation; up to 10 young (Ref. 5578).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : McEachran, John | Medewerkers

Compagno, L.J.V., 1986. Dasyatidae. p. 135-142. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3263)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 April 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Sportvis: ja

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.5 - 27.1, mean 25.3 (based on 72 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00352 - 0.01710), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Fec=10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).

Gymnura natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911)