Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 0 - 60 m (Ref. 3197). Tropical; 37°N - 35°S, 25°E - 127°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (to Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Ref. 3197) to the Hawaiian Islands.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3287); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9137); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 8.0 kg (Ref. 3287)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 9; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 26 - 34; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 21 - 26.
Adults are found in coastal waters adjacent to sandy beaches; also found to depths of 60 m, often near reefs (Ref. 30573). Pelagic (Ref. 58302). Singly or in small groups (Ref. 48635). They feed mainly on mollusks, benthic crustaceans, and occasionally on small fish (Ref. 90102) that are abundant in the lagoons. Excellent food fish (Ref. 12484), the flesh is rarely poisonous. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 (based on 1490 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01490 - 0.02437), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.21).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).