Inhabits marine waters, estuaries and large lakes (Ref. 59043). A midwater species, rarely far from shore, primarily anadromous in the west and lacustrine in the east; shoaling at least during spawning season (Ref. 4545). The essential part of its life is spend in the estuarine zone, with just short incursions in the littoral zone (Ref. 51442). The migratory form is grouping together in the estuarine zone for reproduction (Ref. 51442). Enters the rivers for spawning on sandy or gravely bottoms (Ref. 13696). Spawns in tributaries of lakes or along shallow shores of lakes and rivers on sand, gravel, stones and plant material, preferably in fast-flowing water (Ref. 59043). Reproduction takes place between February and May, depending on the water-temperature (Ref. 51442). Produces 8,000-50,000 yellow eggs with a diameter of 0.6-0.9 mm which adhere to the bottom (Ref. 13696, Ref. 51442). Eggs hatch in 3-5 weeks and the larvae descend to the estuarine zone (Ref. 13696, Ref. 51442). Feeds on shrimps and small crustaceans; larger individuals feed on small fish (Ref. 30578, Ref. 51442). Utilized as foodfish, smoked, as bait and fish oil (Ref. 35388). Smells like cucumber (Ref. 37032, 51442). Locally threatened due to pollution and barriers to migration (Ref. 59043).
一个中层水域种,很少地远离海岸, 主要溯河洄游产卵在东部中的西方与湖泊者中; 在产卵季节的时候群集的至少。 (参考文献 4545) 他的生活的必要部份是在河口的区域中度过, 在海滨的区域中的仅仅短的侵入.(参考文献 51442) 回游的形式对于繁殖在河口的区域中一起是配列。 (参考文献 51442) 它进入河进行产卵沙的之上或者严重地底部.(参考文献 13696) 繁殖在二月之间发生与五月, 依据水温而定.(参考文献 51442) 它生产 8,000-50,000 黄色卵有黏附在底部的 0.6-0.9 mm 的直径.(参考文献 13696, 参考文献 51442) 他们在 3-5个星期中孵化，而且仔鱼下降到河口的区域。 (参考文献 13696, 参考文献 51442) 吃虾与小型甲壳动物; 较大的个体吃小鱼。 (参考文献 30578, 参考文献 51442) 他们在 3-4 年 (15-18 公分) 中在半咸淡的族群性成熟了, 在淡水中的 1-2 年 (810 公分的)。 用来作食用鱼,烟熏了, 如诱饵与鱼油。 (参考文献 35388) 闻相似的黄瓜。 (参考文献 37032, 参考文献 51442)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 5.5 - 12, mean 9.6 (based on 1010 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00269 - 0.00646), b=3.18 (3.05 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15-0.25; tm=2-4; tmax=10; Fec=10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
