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Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål, 1775)

King soldierbream
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Argyrops spinifer   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Argyrops spinifer (King soldierbream)
Argyrops spinifer
Picture by Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO)


Kuwait country information

Common names: Andag
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 2115.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ku.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Al-Husaini, M., J.M. Bishop, H.M. Al-Foudari and A. Al-Baz, 2015
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Argyrops: Greek, argyros = silver, silvered + Gree, ops = appearance (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Forsskål.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino demersal; rango de profundidad 1 - 450 m (Ref. 100719), usually 5 - 100 m (Ref. 30573).   Tropical; 34°N - 28°S

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Indian Ocean: including the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, to Singapore and southernmost end of the Malay Peninsula.

Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: Lm 30.9  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 124569); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3507)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 11 - 13; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 9 - 10; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 7 - 8; Vértebra: 24. This species is distinguished from all its congeners by the following set of characters: body deep and becoming compressed and less deep with growth; D XII,10, the first 2 dorsal-fin spines rudimentary (2 dorsal-fin spines on first dorsal pterygiophore); the dorsal-fin with two morpho types of configuration (Type I 'rigid type', fragile] as a rigid tapering spine and Type II ['flexible type', comparatively robust] as a flexible tapering spine in Group A - Red Sea, Group B - Gulf of Aden and eastern coast of Africa, and Group C - Persian Gulf, only Type II, is seen in both Group D - Madagascar to Sri Lanka and Group E - Eastern Indian Ocean, each Group is allopatric and is likely to have similar genetic structure (not analyzed in Group D or E). Colouration: body uniform pink with belly and lower jaw silvery, head red; spinous dorsal fin pink or red, other fins pink or pale pink; with pink tinge around eye; upper jaw often pinkish; anterior and posterior margins of the upper cheek scales nearly parallel just below rear edge of eye; orbit diameter is clearly less than suborbital depth (Ref. 124569).

Biología     Glosario (por ej. epibenthic)

Found in a wide range of bottoms. Young fish occur in very shallow waters of sheltered bays; larger individuals in deeper water. Feed on benthic invertebrates, mainly mollusks (Ref. 5213). Important food fish.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Iwatsuki, Y. and P.C. Heemstra, 2018. Taxonomic review of the genus Argyrops (Perciformes; Sparidae) with three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4438(3):401-442. (Ref. 124569)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 December 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Pesquerías: comercial
FAO(pesquerías: producción; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23.4 - 29, mean 27.9 (based on 3786 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01939 - 0.02706), b=2.96 (2.91 - 3.01), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Ref. 120179):  Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.08-0.21; tmax=25; tm=2; Fec = 47,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.