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Pleuragramma antarcticum Boulenger, 1902

Antarctic silverfish
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Image of Pleuragramma antarcticum (Antarctic silverfish)
Pleuragramma antarcticum
Picture by Sala, A.

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes) > Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes) > Pleuragrammatinae
Etymology: Pleuragramma: Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, gramma = letter, signal (Ref. 45335);  antarcticum: Named after the region in which this is common (Ref. 11892).
  More on author: Boulenger.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 127764).   Polar; ? - 2°C (Ref. 6390); 60°S - 78°S, 180°W - 180°E

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Southern Ocean: Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland, Elephant, South Orkney islands, Weddell, Bellingshausen, Ross and Davis seas, Oates, Adélie, Wilhelm and other coasts of East Antarctica to Prydz Bay.

Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 26.6 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 124149); common length : 15.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 2121); peso máx. publicado: 200.00 g (Ref. 6390); idade máx. registrada: 20 anos (Ref. 5216)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 6 - 8; Raios dorsais (total) : 35 - 38; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 36 - 39; Vértebras: 52 - 56. Pre-opercular-mandibular canal pores 9 (rarely 10), with 3 (rarely 4) on the mandible. Infraorbital canal with 4+2 pores; lateral line organs (neuromasts) present exposed region between the canal segments, the normal number probably being 4 (rarely 5), but some or all are often missing. Supraorbital canal with 3+1 pores (a second, more posterior pore rarely present in postero-dorsal section); between these 2 supraorbital canal segments is a trough divided by 3 low transverse ridges into 4 shallow depressions; on each ridge is a neuromasts organ. Temporal canal with 1+4 pores; between the 2 segment lies a single exposed neuromast. Supratemporal canal with 1+1 pores; no traces of neuromasts were found in the intervening regions. Color: In life, pink with a silvery hue, the dorsal surface slightly darker. All fins pale, with clear hyaline membranes. The body becomes silvery with a darker dorsum only after death (Ref. 28937).

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

Regarded as the only truly pelagic fish in Antarctic waters (Ref. 6390). Larvae and postlarvae occur between 0 to 135 m; juveniles 50 to 400 and adults below 400 m (Ref. 5179). Postlarvae feed mainly on eggs and larvae of copepods; juveniles mainly on copepods, but take also eggs and larvae of euphausiids, polychaetes and chaetognaths (Ref. 5179). Larger items are ingested with increase in size (Ref. 5179). Larval pelagic phase is long (Ref. 28916).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Mature females may spawn for the first time from around 7-9 years of age (Ref. 71843).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

  Segura ou pouco preocupante (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless




Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: pouco comercial
FAO(pescarias: produção; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic ecology
Itens alimentares
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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Predadores
Ecology
Ecologia
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Life cycle
Reprodução
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Fontes da internet

Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Checar Observador de Peixes (FishWatcher) | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genoma, nucleotídeo) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia(Ir para, procura) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Registro zoológico

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): -1.8 - 0.9, mean -1 (based on 540 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00227 - 0.00556), b=3.22 (3.09 - 3.35), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.2   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.14; tm=3-4; tmax=20; Fec=4,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   High.