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Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)

Ayu sweetfish
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Plecoglossus altivelis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Plecoglossus altivelis
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Japan country information

Common names: Ayu, Koayu, Ryukyu-ayu
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Pastene, L.A., K. Numachi and K. Tsukamoto, 1991
Importance: highly commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Occurs in western Hokkaido southward (Ref. 559, 11230). Found in Hokkaido's Ishikari river and the southern tributaries and river mouths (Ref. 12218); Nansei-shoto (Ref. 34989); Futatsukawa Creek, Fukuoka Prefecture (Ref. 37350); and Himi region from a habitat study conducted in Toyama Bay (Ref. 58909). Highly esteemed food and game fish. Cultured throughout western Japan in sea cages. Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Category in the 2005 Red Data Book of Shiga Prefecture: important distribution (Ref. 79825). Also Ref. 45563, 96271.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.maff.go.jp/eindex.html
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) > Plecoglossidae (Ayu fish)
Etymology: Plecoglossus: Greek, pleko, plekein = to fold + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).
  More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Issue
All subspecies of Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) are synonymised under the species in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jul. 2010: Ref. 84883). Please send references, or more studies are needed.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 底生の; 両側回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 10 - ? m.   Subtropical; 44°N - 23°N

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: western Hokkaido in Japan southward to the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and China.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 27.5, range 30 - 40 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 12218); common length : 15.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 35840); 最大記録サイズ: 3.00 年 (Ref. 12218)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 10 - 11; 臀鰭: 14 - 15; 脊つい: 60 - 63. Pyloric caeca 350-400.

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Typical amphidromous fish; appears in near shore from late autumn to spring (Ref. 11230). Found in lakes and rivers, preferring clean river water and can be found the entire river long, from the head to the mouth (Ref. 12218). Ascends the river during March when the temperature is around 10°C (Ref. 12218). Adults spawn in the spring, in the lower reaches of rivers. After spawning, some adults die while others return to the sea. Larvae enter the sea immediately after hatching and remain there during winter, feeding on plankton. In springtime, the young (5-7 cm TL) move upstream to the middle reaches of rivers to feed on algae. Fish (about 6-9 cm) start schooling at the river mouth and are insectivores and eat algae off small pebbles (Ref. 12218); this is assisted by small leaf-like teeth which are loosely attached to the jaw with two ligaments (Ref. 45181). Those that are ready to spawn (about 20 cm TL) move downstream to the lower reaches of the river. Spawning adults from the sea migrate upstream to the lower reaches as well. Some fish spawn two or three years in succession, others only once (Ref. 9987 & 559). River forms live usually only one year whereas lake forms can live two or three years (Ref. 12218). Reaches maturity at 30-40 cm (Ref. 12218). Highly esteemed food fish. Marketed fresh and consumed fresh, fried and broiled (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

During spawning some fish go up the river and some fish spawn on the river shoreline above pebbles. Spawns at night and excavates a 10cm (diameter or depth?) pit. Eggs are around 1 mm in size and adhere to the sand or pebbles for 14 to 20 days before hatching. This fish is semelparous and releases eggs many times over a short period each time releasing ~10,000 eggs. Sometimes females that want to spawn but cannot, save their strength, and go to a deep stagnant pool. These females wait until spring before going up the river with young fish. After hatching, the larvae are 6 mm and flow with the water current eating plankton. Juvenile fish will come again to the river in spring. These live in schools. When schools of Plecoglossus altivelis return to their river they guard their territory and eat food (Ref. 12218). Reproductive mode varies between semelparity and iteroparity. Large females spawn once, while smaller females spawn twice during a two-week interval (Ref. 76896).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  欠足データ (DD) ; Date assessed: 03 September 2010

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless




Human uses

水産業: 高い商業の; 水産養殖: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 代謝; 水産業: 代謝, 種の外形; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

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Trophic ecology
食品種目概要について
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食動物
Ecology
生態学
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体長組成
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
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繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
幼生
幼生の動力
Anatomy
Gill areas

Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
水泳形態
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚の音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
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遺伝子の
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インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13 - 22.6, mean 19.7 (based on 42 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00165 - 0.01101), b=3.07 (2.84 - 3.30), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  2.8   ±0.16 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  高い, 15か月以下の倍増期間の最小個体群 (tm=1; tmax=3; Fec=50,000-100,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.