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Tetrapturus pfluegeri Robins, de & Sylva, 1963

Longbill spearfish
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Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Istiophoridae (Billfishes)
Etymology: Tetrapturus: Greek, tetra = four + Greek, pteron, fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
  More on authors: Robins, de & Sylva.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43), usually 100 - ? m (Ref. 4770).   Subtropical; 44°N - 33°S, 98°W - 17°E (Ref. 43)

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Atlantic Ocean: widely distributed in offshore waters, much more densely so in the western than in the eastern Atlantic. Highly migratory species.

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 254 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 40637); common length : 165 cm OT macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 43); peso máx. publicado: 58.0 kg (Ref. 40637)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 50 - 57; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 18 - 21; Vértebras: 24. Blue-black above, silvery white splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; dorsal fins dark blue; pectorals blackish brown, occasionally with tinges of greyish white; pelvic fins blue-black with a black fin membrane; 1st anal fin dark blue with silvery white at base; 2nd anal fin blackish brown.

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

Oceanic species, chiefly found in offshore waters, usually above the thermocline. Feed mainly on pelagic fishes and squids (Ref. 4770). Females probably spawn once a year (Ref. 4770). Marketed frozen.

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Maturation seems to occur at the same time rather than in the same season both in the northern and southern hemisphere, which could be suggestive of homogeneity of the population of this species. Females probably spawn once a year (Ref. 4770).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

  Segura ou pouco preocupante (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 September 2010

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless




Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe esportivo: sim
FAO(pescarias: produção; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.1 - 23.7, mean 18.2 (based on 140 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5630   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00193 - 0.01034), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Low.