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Tetronarce californica (Ayres, 1855)

Pacific electric ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Tetronarce californica   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Tetronarce californica (Pacific electric ray)
Tetronarce californica
Picture by Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada


Japan country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Reported from Sanriku (Ref. 96339). Also Ref. 43939.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.maff.go.jp/eindex.html
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson, 2005
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: californica: Named after the state of California (Ref. 6885).
  More on author: Ayres.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 0 - 906 m (Ref. 96339), usually 3 - 200 m (Ref. 55307).   Temperate; 48°N - 23°N, 126°W - 110°W (Ref. 55307)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Dixon Entrance, British Columbia, Canada to Sebastian Vizcaino Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Electric rays off Peru, Chile, and Japan may belong to this species (Ref. 2850).

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: Lm ?, range 73 - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 12951); 137.0 cm TL (female); common length : 91.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 43939); common length :137 cm TL (female); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 0.00 g; अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 16 वर्षो (Ref. 48844)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

Gray with scattered black spots dorsally, no ocelli. 1st dorsal fin much larger than 2nd. Spiracle margin smooth and without papillae.

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Found on the outer continental shelf, around rocks, in kelp beds, over fine sand bottoms or buried in sand. Solitary, nomadic, and can remain suspended in the water with minimal swimming (Ref. 12951). Feeds on bony fishes, mainly herrings and halibuts. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of up to 17 pups. Males reaches maturity at ca. 65 cm TL, females at ca. 73 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Attacks their prey from the substratum by day and actively forage at night with the aid of its electric organ discharge or EOD (Ref. 10011). The EOD of a large individual was measured at 50 V; with a low internal organ resistance the power output exceeded 1 kW (Ref. 10480). Aggressive when provoked but no human has yet been injured by the electric shock (Ref. 2850). Does not do well in aquariums (Ref. 12951).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Reproductive cycle appears to be annual in males and biannual in females (Ref. 48844). No defined birthing season (Ref. 48844).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : Carvalho, Marcelo | सहयोगीयो

Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith, 1988. Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 66, 151 p. (Ref. 6793)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 January 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Other (Ref. 13513)




Human uses

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
परभक्षी
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
पुनरुत्पत्ति
Maturities
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Spawnings
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Egg(s)
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जलीयकृषि रूपरेखाऐ
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References
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इंटरनेट स्रोत

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.6 - 22.3, mean 12.8 (based on 100 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00659 - 0.03318), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.80 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref. 120179):  निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Fec = 17; tm=9; tmax=16).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).