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Epigonus denticulatus Dieuzeide, 1950

Pencil cardinal
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Epigonus denticulatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epigonus denticulatus (Pencil cardinal)
Epigonus denticulatus
Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory


Japan country information

Common names: Hage-yasemutsu
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in coastal waters of central and southern Japan (Ref. 559). Also Ref. 7321, 31632.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.maff.go.jp/eindex.html
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acropomatiformes (Oceanic basses) > Epigonidae (Deepwater cardinalfishes)
Etymology: Epigonus: Greek, epi = over, in front + Greek, gonio = angle (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά) βαθύβιο(ς); εύρος βάθους 130 - 830 m (Ref. 31632), usually 300 - 600 m (Ref. 4738).   Deep-water; 43°N - 44°S, 98°W - 142°E

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Cosmopolitan. Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Eastern Atlantic: along the west coast of Africa to the southern tip of the continent, also western Mediterranean to southern Adriatic Sea. Indian Ocean: Reunion (Ref. 33390). Western Pacific: southwest coast of Japan, southern Australia and eastern New Zealand. Central Pacific: Hawaiian Ridge (Ref. 31632).

Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 4329)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 7; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 10; Εδρικές άκανθες: 2; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 8 - 9. Lacks opercular spines (Ref. 31632). Membranous edge at upper border of the gill cover is well developed. Caudal peduncle elongated, body not deep (Ref. 31632). Pyloric caeca 10-14. Preserved specimens are brownish to yellowish in color, dorsally darker. Numerous brown-black melanophores on scale pockets.

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Adults benthic on the continental slope and collected with bottom trawls (Ref. 7321). Juveniles are pelagic in depths of 130-145 and 350-425 m (Ref. 9563). Feed on small fishes and planktonic invertebrates (Ref. 4738). Oviparous (Ref. 4738).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Maugé, L.A. and G.F. Mayer, 1990. Apogonidae. p. 714-718. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7321)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 July 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.9 - 14.7, mean 11.3 (based on 479 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00556 - 0.01641), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  3.4   ±0.47 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).