Italy country information

Common names: Pei ratu, Pesce bandiera, Pesce pavone
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., 1984
National Database: ICTIMED

Common names from other countries

Renard, Zorro, القرش الثّعلب, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

板鰓亜鋼(サメとエイ類) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) > Alopiidae (Thresher sharks)
Etymology: Alopias: From alopex, Greek for fox, referring to the ancient vernacular “fox shark,” from its supposed cunning (ancients believed that when it took a bait, it swallowed the hook until it got to the cord, which it bit off and so escaped). (See ETYFish); vulpinus: Latin for fox-like (as for genus). (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 650 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 55168). Subtropical; 74°N - 58°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54279)

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Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical seas (Ref. 6871, 58085). Population considered reduced (R) in the US Atlantic waters; lower risk/conservation dependent (LR/CD) in US Pacific waters; data deficient (DD) in the rest of Atlantic and rest of Pacific (Ref. 12451). Highly migratory species.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: L_m 351.0, range 226 - 400 cm
Max length : 573 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 106604); 549.0 cm TL (female); common length : 450 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5217); 最大公表体重: 348.0 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大記録サイズ: 25 年 (Ref. 81241)

簡単な記述検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 肛門の骨: 0. A large thresher with relatively small eyes, curved, narrow-tipped pectoral fins, a narrow-tipped caudal fin, and a conspicuous white patch over the pectoral fin bases (Ref. 5578). Second dorsal origin well behind the rear tip of the pelvic fin (Ref. 559). Upper lobe of caudal fin very long and strap-like, about as long as or longer than length of rest of shark; lower lobe short but well developed (Ref. 13570). Brown, grey, blue-grey, or blackish on back and underside of snout, lighter on sides and abruptly white below; a white area extends from the abdomen over the pectoral-fin bases; pectoral-, pelvic-, and dorsal fins blackish, white dots sometimes present on pectoral-, pelvic-, and caudal- fin tips (Ref. 13570).

Coastal over continental and insular shelves and epipelagic far from land (Ref. 30573, 43278, 58302). Oceanic although most abundant near land, pelagic at 1-366 m (Ref. 58302). Young often close inshore and in shallow bays (Ref. 5578). Feeds on schooling fishes (including mackerels, bluefishes, clupeids, needlefishes, lancetfishes and lanternfishes), squid, octopi, pelagic crustaceans, and rarely seabirds (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Uses its long caudal fin to bunch up and stun prey (Ref. 2850). Spatial and depth segregation by sex in northwestern Indian Ocean populations (Ref. 247). A few attacks on boats are doubtfully attributed to this species, but it is otherwise apparently harmless to humans, though the size of adults of this species command respect (Ref. 247). May cause damage to fishing gear (Ref. 6885). Valued for its meat, liver, hide, and fins; utilized fresh, dried-salted, smoked, and frozen (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on the ova produced by the mother after the yolk sac is absorbed (oophagy) (Ref. 50449), 2 to 4 young in a litter (usually 2) (Ref. 247). Size at birth 114-150 cm (Ref. 247). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | 協力者

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

攻撃されやすい (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

人間に対する脅威

Harmless (Ref. 247)

Human uses

水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい

FAO(水産業: 代謝, 種の外形; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

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水産養種の保全を確認 | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 11.6 - 28.2, mean 23.3 (based on 8352 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00363 - 0.01997), b=2.86 (2.66 - 3.06), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

栄養段階 (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.

回復力 (Ref. 120179): 低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.1; tm=5-7; tmax=19; Fec=2-4).

Prior r = 0.05, 95% CL = 0.03 - 0.07, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).

価格帯 (Ref. 80766): High.

Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

分布国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

簡単な記述検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

生物学用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | 協力者

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

人間に対する脅威

Human uses

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用具

特記事項

XMLをダウンロードして下さい

インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

生物学 用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | 協力者

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

人間に対する脅威

Human uses

より多くの情報

用具

特記事項

XMLをダウンロードして下さい

インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

分布国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

簡単な記述検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

生物学用語集 (例 epibenthic)