Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 75 - 440 m (Ref. 7251). Tropical; 32°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: Georgia, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; not occurring in the West Indies.
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.6 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 115012); common length : 20.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); max. veröff. Gewicht: 556.60 g (Ref. 115012)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 12; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 9 - 10; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 6. Snout length almost equal to orbit diameter; third dorsal spine not elongated (Ref. 13608).
Found on soft substrate. Have a thick glandular tissue on posterior margin of fin spines which is believed to be venomous (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Nutzung durch Menschen
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 13.6 - 23.5, mean 18.8 (based on 99 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00674 - 0.01956), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).