Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 0 - 12 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 43°N - 37°S
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and the Gulf of Mexico to Argentina.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7251); common length : 35.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 560.00 g (Ref. 40637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 7 - 8; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 19 - 20; شوكة شرجية: 2 - 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 16 - 18. Dorsal and anal fins have very long, dark anterior lobes (Ref. 26938). Bluish silver on back, shading to silver on sides, with four narrow dark bars on upper of body (Ref. 13442).
Adults form schools in clear coastal areas, usually near coral formations (Ref. 5217). Juveniles common in clean sandy beaches (Ref. 5217). Adults feed on crustaceans, polychaete worms, insect pupae, mollusks and fishes (Ref. 9626). Between 1995 and 2000, at least 2 specimens were traded as aquarium fish at Fortaleza, Ceará (Ref. 49392).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; الأستزراع المائي: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 23.2 - 28.1, mean 27.3 (based on 851 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.00839 - 0.03134), b=2.83 (2.66 - 3.00), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).