Common names from other countries
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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 1 - 20 m (Ref. 3702). Subtropical; 13°N - 40°S, 80°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to Argentina; Southwest Atlantic: Sergipe, Brazil (Ref. 118626).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 42.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 40637); common length : 45.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 17.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 17 - 22; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7 - 9. Body nearly uniform silvery, dark greenish above. Without conspicuous spots on side but with diffuse dark areas along base of dorsal fin and on margin of spinous dorsal fin, ventral side of head, lower margin of pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins often yellowish orange. Inside of opercle dusky. Mouth large, oblique. Lower jaw slightly projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with a row of enlarged inner-row teeth, gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Pectoral fins about equal in length to pelvic fins. Gas bladder with a pair of long, straight, horn-like appendages. Sagitta earstone thin and elongate. Soft portion of dorsal fin unscaled except 2 or 3 rows of small scales along its base (Ref 51271).
Forms schools (Ref. 35237). Found over mud or sandy mud bottoms near mouths of rivers. Juveniles are restricted to brackish and fresh waters. Feeds on shrimps and fishes. Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 22.5 - 28, mean 27.3 (based on 292 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00489 - 0.01176), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.27).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
