Greece country information

Common names: Glafkotrygona, Sálahi trygéna, Trigóna
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Papaconstantinou, C., 1988
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Pastenague violette, Raya-látigo violeta, Pelagic sting-ray, ... more

التصنيف / Names الأسماء الشائعة | مرادفات | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

أشلاق (القروش و الشفانين) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Dasyatinae
Etymology: Pteroplatytrygon: Greek, pteron = wing, fin + Greek,platys = flat + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335); violacea: From the Latin 'viola' meaning violet..
More on author: Bonaparte.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range البيئة

بحري; نطاق العمق 1 - 381 m (Ref. 58302), usually 1 - 100 m (Ref. 55209). Subtropical; 52°N - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55209)

التوزيع دول | مناطق الفاو | النظام البيئي | الظهور | Point map | مقدمة | Faunafri

Probably cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical seas. Eastern Pacific: Reported from Vancouver (Ref. 11980), from California (USA), Baja California (Mexico) to Chile, and the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 9068). Western Atlantic (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: Southeastern coasts of the Mediterranean and off Sicily; Reported from Cape Verde (Ref. 34514). Indian Ocean.

Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر

Maturity: L_m 45.0, range 40 - 50 cm
Max length : 96.0 cm WD ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 48844); common length : 80.0 cm WD ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9254)

وصف مختصر مفاتيح التعريف | الوصف الخارجي | قياسات المظهر الخارجي

A thick, dark stingray with a broadly rounded snout and an angular pectoral disc; tail less than twice body length with a long lower caudal finfold ending far in front of tail tip, but with no upper finfold; disc without thorns; usually 1 extremely long sting on tail; eyes do not protrude (Ref. 5578). Uniformly violet, purple, or dark blue-green dorsally and ventrally (Ref. 3263). No prominent markings (Ref. 3263).

Found in open, tropical and warm temperate waters usually in the first 100 m. Possibly the only totally pelagic member of the family (Ref. 6871). Feeds on coelenterates (including medusae), squid, decapod crustaceans, and fish. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Venomous spine on tail. Common catch of the pelagic tuna (and shark) longline and gillnet fisheries (drift, Ref. 75025) operating throughout the region (Ref. 58048); also by purse-seine and bottom trawls (Ref. 75025). Utilized for its meat and sometimes cartilage (Ref.58048). Total length 110 TL (80 cm WD) (Ref. 9254).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). With 2 (Ref.58048) to 9 young born at 15-25 cm WD (Ref. 26346); after a gestation period of 4 months (Ref.58048).

المرجع الرئيسي Upload your references | مراجع | المنظم : McEachran, John | المتعاونين

Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 November 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر للأنسان

Venomous (Ref. 9254)

استخدامات بشرية

مصائد: تجاري

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

مزيد من المعلومات

Trophic ecology
عناصر الغذاء
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
مفتريسات

Ecology
البيئة
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
الطول- الترددات
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
التكاثر
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
حركة انتقال اليرقات

Distribution
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Anatomy
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دماغ
عظمة الأذن

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
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نوع السباحة
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
أصوات الأسماك
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
جيني
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
ملامح تربية الأحياء المائية
سلالات
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
المتعاونين

Taxonomy
الأسماء الشائعة
مرادفات
الوصف الخارجي
قياسات المظهر الخارجي
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References
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أدوات

تقارير خاصة

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مصادر علي الأنترنت

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12 - 28.6, mean 24.8 (based on 5148 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

مستوى غذائي (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.54 se; based on food items.

المرونه (Ref. 120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (K=0.18 (captivity); Fec=1-9 (could probably have 2 litters per year)).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).

فئة السعر (Ref. 80766): Low.

Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832)