Palestine country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Abudaya, M., A. Ulman, J. Salah, D. Fernando, C. Wor and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 2017
Uses: no uses
Comments: This species is caught seasonally sometime between February and April (caught for a total of 4 days in 2014, 3 in 2015 and 8 in 2016.

In Gaza, a total landings of 304 individuals (over 90% males) were reported from 2014 to 2016, most were mature and appeared to be mating (over 90% of males had sperm-filled claspers); and this area may be a mating ground. In 2013, nearly 400 individuals were landed and was erroneously described by international media as a 'mass stranding event'; in 2014 total were 30, for 2015, 85 and for 2016, 160 individuals were landed An export market to China for gill plates (ingredient for Chinese medicine) was also reported in 2013. Imposed restrictions on exports from the country prevents any legal international trade of these plates. Noteworthy, but not all that unsurprising, is that all fishers and fishmongers involved were unaware that this species is listed as 'Endangered' by IUCN and in the SPA/BD Protocol to the Barcelona Convention. Sold in local markets for consumption for it is utilized (except the ead) as a protein source (Ref. 115943).
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Abudaya, M., A. Ulman, J. Salah, D. Fernando, C. Wor and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 2017
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Manta mobula, 蝠鲼, Devilfish, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology: More on author: Bonnaterre.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604). Subtropical; 53°N - 13°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Probably circumglobal in warm seas.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 520 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 4442); max. published weight: 1.5 t (Ref. 115943)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Larger than M. hypostoma, tail with spine and prickles (Ref. 6902).

An epipelagic species (Ref. 6808) found over continental shelves and near oceanic islands (Ref. 6679). Feeds on small pelagic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 6679), by funnelling using their cephalic fins and then trapping or filtering the food through their specialised gill plates (Ref. 115943). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bycatch mortalities have been reported from Mediterranean fisheries - large-scale driftnets, purse seines and trawls, bottom set nets, trammel nets, longlines and even fixed traps for tuna. It is utilized for its meat as protein source (except the head) and gill plates as ingredient in Chinese medicine (Ref. 115943)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 6679, 50449).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Endangered (EN) (A2bd+3d); Date assessed: 20 November 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO(Fisheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

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Common names
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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13.1 - 23, mean 15.8 (based on 226 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.45 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).

Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788)