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Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scrawled cowfish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Acanthostracion quadricornis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Scrawled cowfish)
Acanthostracion quadricornis
Picture by Pialek, L.


French Guiana country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 3696, 5217.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/fg.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.), 1983
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) > Ostraciidae (Boxfishes)
Etymology: Acanthostracion: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, ostrakon = shell (Ref. 45335);  quadricornis: Specific name refers to the 2 pairs of horns ('quadricornis' = 4 horns), in front of the eyes and a second pair at the lower rear corners of the cuirass..
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien rifbewoner; diepte 1 - 80 m (Ref. 26938), usually 10 - 30 m (Ref. 40849).   Subtropical; 43°N - 39°S, 100°W - 26°E

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Atlantic Ocean: in tropical and temperate waters (Ref. 3696). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to southeastern Brazil. Reported from tip of South Africa.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm 22.2, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 6937); common length : 20.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3696)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 10; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 10. Dark markings on head and body; parallel bands on cheek. Pair of prominent spines projecting from in front of eyes suggests cow horns. Second pair of spines at lower rear corners of cuirass (Ref. 26938). Body deep, covered with hexagonal dermal plates (Ref. 37521).

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Found in shallow water down to about 80 m, mainly in seagrass beds (Ref. 3696). Feeds on sessile invertebrates such as tunicates, gorgonians and anemones, as well as on slow-moving crustaceans, sponges (Ref. 3696), hermit crabs and marine plants (Ref. 13442). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Considered an excellent food fish; marketed fresh (Ref. 3696).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Matsuura, Keiichi | Medewerkers

Smith, M.M., 1986. Ostraciidae. p. 890-893. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3141)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 June 2011

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)




Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquarium: Commercieel
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

Meer informatie

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.3 - 28, mean 25.4 (based on 458 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03981 (0.02306 - 0.06873), b=2.70 (2.54 - 2.86), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  2.7   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Fec = 112,536).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   High.