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Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758)

Burbot
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Lota lota
Picture by Keeley, E.R.


Finland country information

Common names: Made
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: experimental | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Also Ref. 6114. Occurs throughout the country.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/fi.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology: Lota: French name for the cod (Ref. 45335);  lota: From the French word "la Lotte" meaning codfish (Ref. 10294).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; pH range: 7.5 - ? ; dH range: 18 - ?; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 59043); пределы глубины 1 - 700 m (Ref. 1998).   Temperate; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 78°N - 40°N, 180°W - 180°E

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri

Circumarctic in freshwater (Ref. 1371). Europe: Loire drainage, France eastward to White, Barents and Arctic Sea basins; upper Volga drainage; western Caspian basin; rivers draining to Black Sea; Rhône drainage (France); in Italy native only in Po drainage; eastrward England (now extirpated). In Siberia eastward to River Lena. Reported that populations from eastern Siberia and North America belong to a different species, Lota maculosa (Ref. 59043). North America: Throughout Canada, Alaska and northern USA (south to Pennysylvannia, Kentucky, Missouri, Wyoming and Washington (Ref. 86798).

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm 37.5, range 35 - 40 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 27547); common length : 40.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 1371); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 34.0 kg (Ref. 27547); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 20 годы (Ref. 556)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 67 - 96; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 58 - 84; позвонки: 50 - 67. Diagnosed from all other freshwater fishes in Europe by its pelvic fin origin anterior to pectoral fin origin and by having one central barbel on lower jaw (Ref. 59043). Distinguished by the long second dorsal fin, at least 6 times as long as the first, and a single barbel on the chin (Ref. 27547). Gill rakers short (Ref. 27547). First dorsal short; second dorsal and anal fins joined to caudal; pectorals short and rounded; caudal rounded (Ref. 27547), with 40 rays (Ref. 2196). Color is yellow, light tan to brown with a pattern of dark brown or black on the body, head and fins (Ref. 1371). Pelvic fins pale, others dark and mottled (Ref. 27547).

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

The only member of Lotidae family which lives in freshwater. Crepuscular and nocturnal (Ref. 11941). Adults are found in well oxygenated flowing waters and large, deep lakes as well as large rivers with slow-moving current (Ref. 5723, 10294). They occur from estuaries of large lowland rivers as well as from small mountain streams, preferring deep waters in summer (Ref. 59043). They seek shelter under rocks, in crevices on the river banks, among roots of trees and dense vegetation (Ref. 30578, 10294). Those in rivers tend to congregate in deep holes throughout the year, except at spawning (Ref. 27547). Movements into shallower water during summer nights are related to feeding (Ref. 1998). Smaller individuals feed on insect larvae, crayfish, mollusks and other invertebrates with a changing preference for fishes in larger individuals (Ref. 1998, 10294). In Central Europe, males mature at 2 years while females at 3 years (Ref. 59043). Spawning occurs from November to March, at temperatures below 6°C in groups of up to 20 interlaced individuals forming a ball about 60 cm in diameter which constantly moves and rolls on the bottom while releasing eggs and sperms (Ref. 59043). May undertake short spawning migrations (Ref. 59043). Eggs are semipelagic, 1.2-1.8 mm in diameter and slightly sticky hatching after 40-70 days (Ref. 59043). Larvae are positively phototactic, floating below the surface in March and April (Ref. 59043). Larvae feed on drifting invertebrates or zooplankton (Ref. 59043). Source of oil. Sold mainly salted. Liver is sold smoked or canned in Europe (Ref. 1998). Processed into fishmeal (Ref. 1998). Because of its nocturnal habits and its slow movements, this fish is not very much appreciated by sport fishermen. Flesh is tasty but a little dry (Ref. 30578). Locally threatened due to river regulation (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

There appears to be individual movements into spawning areas with the males arriving first at spawning areas (Ref. 27547). It occurs at night, with spawners forming a great globular mass, each pushing toward the center (Ref. 28694), or at least milling around close together (Ref. 28697), releasing eggs or sperm. Observed to make postspawning runs upriver, apparently for feeding (Ref. 28697). Eggs hatch after 40-70 days. After about 2 months, juveniles are benthic, grow rapidly, reach about 8 cm SL within first year. (Ref. 59043).

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)


CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей

  Harmless




Использование человеком

рыболовство: коммерческий; аквакультура (рыбоводство): экспериментальный; объект спортивного рыболовства: да; аквариум: общественные аквариумы
FAO(рыболовство: production, Видовой профиль; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

дополнительная информация

Trophic ecology
пищевые объекты
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
хищники
Ecology
экология
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
размножение
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
личинки
динамика численности личинок
Anatomy
Gill areas
мозг
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
звуки, издаваемые рыбами
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
генетика
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00465 - 0.00681), b=3.03 (2.97 - 3.09), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (K=0.05; tm=2-7; tmax=20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   Very high.