Common names from other countries

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> Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) > Osmeridae (Smelts)
Etymology: Mallotus: Greek for fleecy, derived from mallos = wool, and -otus = a Greek adjectival suffix referring to property; referring to the shape of the scales along the side of breeding males, appearing hairy or fleecy (S.Kullander, pers. Comm.).; villosus: From the Latin 'villosus' meaning hairy - refers to the rough extruded scales on spawning males..

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; Água doce; estuarina; anádromo (Ref. 46888); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 725 m (Ref. 58426), usually ? - 200 m (Ref. 96339). Polar; 84°N - 37°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54574)

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Circumpolar in the Arctic. North Atlantic: Barents Sea up to Bear Island, in the White and Norwegian seas, off the coast of Greenland up to 74°N and from Hudson Bay in Canada to Gulf of Maine, USA. North Pacific: south to Korea and Juan de Fuca Strait, Canada.

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m 13.3, range 15 - 19 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 11626); 25.2 cm TL (female); common length : 15.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4645); peso máx. Publicado: 52.00 g (Ref. 56475); Idade máx. registada: 10 anos (Ref. 72498)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 10 - 14; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 16 - 23; Vértebras: 62 - 73. Adipose with long base, about 1.5 times as long as the orbit or longer, outer margin only slightly curved (Ref. 6885). Olive green on dorsal surface, merging into silvery on sides and ventral surface (Ref. 6885).

Oceanic species found in schools (Ref. 2850). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426); however, reported at 1086 m Davis Strait to southern Baffin Bay (Ref. 120413). Adults feed on planktonic crustaceans, copepods, euphausiids, amphipods, marine worms, and small fishes (Ref. 6885, 35388). Mature individuals move inshore in large schools to spawn (Ref. 2850). In the spring large spawning shoals migrate toward the coasts, males usually arrive first. Often entering brackish and freshwater (Ref. 37812). Semelparous (Ref. 51846). Produces 6,000-12,000 adhesive eggs. Females are valued for their roe, males are utilized as fishmeal. Marketed canned and frozen; eaten fried and dried (Ref. 9988). Possibly to 725 m depth (Ref. 6793).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846). Experimental testing suggests facultative semelparity, with offshore-spawning capelin being absolute semelparous (death of both genders) and beach-spawning capelin being iteroparous irrespective of sex (Ref. 92136). Also Ref. 92150.

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Não avaliado

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

Pescarias: altamente comercial

FAO(pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.3 - 7.1, mean 2.7 (based on 956 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00290 - 0.00455), b=3.21 (3.14 - 3.28), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.3-0.5; tm=3; tmax=10; Fec=6,000).

Prior r = 0.62, 95% CL = 0.41 - 0.94, Based on 5 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Low.

Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776)