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Holacanthus passer Valenciennes, 1846

King angelfish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Holacanthus passer   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Galapagos Islands country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Humann, P. and N. Deloach, 1993
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in Isabela and Fernandina Islands (Ref. 41880). Also Ref. 9333.
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Humann, P. and N. Deloach, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Machín bandera, Pez bandera, Pez ángel, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Pomacanthidae (Angelfishes)
Etymology: Holacanthus: Greek, holos = full + Greek, akantha = thorn (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien rifbewoner; standvastig; diepte 4 - 30 m (Ref. 5227).   Tropical; 28°N -

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.6 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5592); common length : 15.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55763)

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Diurnal grazer on sessile invertebrates and algae but specializes to a larger extent on sponges. Also feeds on plankton. Reproduction occurs in late summer. Females are more territorial and form pair bonds with the males. Oviparous (Ref. 240), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Sometimes forms mixed aggregations with Pomacanthus zonipectus (Ref. 9333). Cleaning behavior has been observed in juveniles.

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Spawn daily throughout the lunar cycle (Ref. 240). Protogyny has been proposed for this species awaiting confirmation (Ref. 103751). Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Thomson, D.A., 1987. Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 08 October 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless




Gebruik door de mens

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.9 - 29.1, mean 27 (based on 211 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5078   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02951 (0.01513 - 0.05755), b=2.91 (2.74 - 3.08), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  2.6   ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).