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Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)

Ayu sweetfish
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Plecoglossus altivelis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Plecoglossus altivelis (Ayu sweetfish)
Plecoglossus altivelis
Picture by Islam, Md. S.


Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 2000
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: Liao, C.-I., H.-M. Su and E.Y. Chang, 2001
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Native stock extirpated after manmade damage to environment (Ref. 6300). Existing stocks introduced from Japan (Ref. 5193). Cultivated for local consumption and for export to Japan (Ref. 6300). First successful larviculture in Taiwan occurred in 1979 (Ref. 40297). Also Ref. 559.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Liao, I.-C. and H.-C. Lia, 1989
National Database: The Fish Database of Taiwan

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Tên thường gặp | Các synonym ( Các tên trùng) | Catalog of Fishes(Giống, Các loài) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) > Plecoglossidae (Ayu fish)
Etymology: Plecoglossus: Greek, pleko, plekein = to fold + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).
  More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Issue
All subspecies of Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) are synonymised under the species in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jul. 2010: Ref. 84883). Please send references, or more studies are needed.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Sinh thái học

Biển; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ gần đáy; sống cả ở nước ngọt và nuớc mặn (Ref. 51243); Mức độ sâu 10 - ? m.   Subtropical; 44°N - 23°N

Sự phân bố Các nước | Các khu vực của FAO | Các hệ sinh thái | Những lần xuất hiện | Point map | Những chỉ dẫn | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: western Hokkaido in Japan southward to the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and China.

Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age

Maturity: Lm 27.5, range 30 - 40 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 12218); common length : 15.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 35840); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 3.00 các năm (Ref. 12218)

Short description Khóa để định loại | Hình thái học | Sinh trắc học

Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 10 - 11; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 14 - 15; Động vật có xương sống: 60 - 63. Pyloric caeca 350-400.

Sinh học     Tự điển (thí dụ epibenthic)

Typical amphidromous fish; appears in near shore from late autumn to spring (Ref. 11230). Found in lakes and rivers, preferring clean river water and can be found the entire river long, from the head to the mouth (Ref. 12218). Ascends the river during March when the temperature is around 10°C (Ref. 12218). Adults spawn in the spring, in the lower reaches of rivers. After spawning, some adults die while others return to the sea. Larvae enter the sea immediately after hatching and remain there during winter, feeding on plankton. In springtime, the young (5-7 cm TL) move upstream to the middle reaches of rivers to feed on algae. Fish (about 6-9 cm) start schooling at the river mouth and are insectivores and eat algae off small pebbles (Ref. 12218); this is assisted by small leaf-like teeth which are loosely attached to the jaw with two ligaments (Ref. 45181). Those that are ready to spawn (about 20 cm TL) move downstream to the lower reaches of the river. Spawning adults from the sea migrate upstream to the lower reaches as well. Some fish spawn two or three years in succession, others only once (Ref. 9987 & 559). River forms live usually only one year whereas lake forms can live two or three years (Ref. 12218). Reaches maturity at 30-40 cm (Ref. 12218). Highly esteemed food fish. Marketed fresh and consumed fresh, fried and broiled (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng

During spawning some fish go up the river and some fish spawn on the river shoreline above pebbles. Spawns at night and excavates a 10cm (diameter or depth?) pit. Eggs are around 1 mm in size and adhere to the sand or pebbles for 14 to 20 days before hatching. This fish is semelparous and releases eggs many times over a short period each time releasing ~10,000 eggs. Sometimes females that want to spawn but cannot, save their strength, and go to a deep stagnant pool. These females wait until spring before going up the river with young fish. After hatching, the larvae are 6 mm and flow with the water current eating plankton. Juvenile fish will come again to the river in spring. These live in schools. When schools of Plecoglossus altivelis return to their river they guard their territory and eat food (Ref. 12218). Reproductive mode varies between semelparity and iteroparity. Large females spawn once, while smaller females spawn twice during a two-week interval (Ref. 76896).

Main reference Upload your references | Các tài liệu tham khảo | Người điều phối | Người cộng tác

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 03 September 2010

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Các nghề cá: tính thương mại cao; Nuôi trồng thủy sản: Tính thương mại; cá để chơi: đúng
FAO(Aquaculture systems: Sản xuất; Các nghề cá: Sản xuất, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Biển chung quanh ta

Thêm thông tin

Trophic ecology
Các loại thức ăn
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Các động vật ăn mồi
Ecology
Sinh thái học
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Sự tái sinh sản
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Ấu trùng
Sự biến động ấu trùng
Anatomy
Gill areas
Não bộ
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Dạng bơi
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Âm thanh của cá
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Di truyền
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13 - 22.6, mean 19.7 (based on 42 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00165 - 0.01101), b=3.07 (2.84 - 3.30), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref. 69278):  2.8   ±0.16 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref. 120179):  Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (tm=1; tmax=3; Fec=50,000-100,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.