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Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884

Southern flounder
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Paralichthys lethostigma   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Paralichthys lethostigma (Southern flounder)
Paralichthys lethostigma
Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory


China country information

Common names: 漠斑牙鮃, 漠斑牙鲆, 漠斑牙鲆
Occurrence: questionable
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Outside distributional range, occurrence needs verification.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS), 2007
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
  More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 1 - 43 m (Ref. 89891).   Subtropical; 37°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W

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Western Atlantic: Virginia to Texas in USA, northern Mexico, south to Trinidad and Tobago.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - 35 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3275); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 9.3 kg (Ref. 4699); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 8 Jaren (Ref. 46275)

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

A cryptic species that tolerates low salinities; occurs frequently in brackish bays and estuaries, even on occasion in fresh water (Ref. 9988). Minimum depth is at 0.7 meters (Ref. 128969). Adults are found mostly over mud bottoms in estuaries and coastal waters to about 40 m depth. Taken by anglers inshore from bridges, jetties and small boats. They move to deeper water in winter, but are still easily accessible (Ref. 9988). Adults feed chiefly on fishes, also on crabs and shrimps. Juveniles take mainly small bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Medewerkers

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Gevoelig (NT) ; Date assessed: 12 June 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless




Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
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Meer informatie

Lokale namen
Synoniemen
Metabolisme
Predatoren
Ecotoxicologie
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Paaien
Fecunditeit
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
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Groei
Lengte-gewicht
Lengte-lengte
Lengtefrequenties
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 23.2 - 24.9, mean 23.9 (based on 168 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00365 - 0.00908), b=3.19 (3.06 - 3.32), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.21-0.23; tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Medium.