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Pleuragramma antarcticum Boulenger, 1902

Antarctic silverfish
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Pleuragramma antarcticum
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Common names from other countries

Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes) > Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes) > Pleuragrammatinae
Etymology: Pleuragramma: Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, gramma = letter, signal (Ref. 45335);  antarcticum: Named after the region in which this is common (Ref. 11892).
  More on author: Boulenger.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 127764).   Polar; ? - 2°C (Ref. 6390); 60°S - 78°S, 180°W - 180°E

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Southern Ocean: Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland, Elephant, South Orkney islands, Weddell, Bellingshausen, Ross and Davis seas, Oates, Adélie, Wilhelm and other coasts of East Antarctica to Prydz Bay.

Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 26.6 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 124149); common length : 15.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 2121); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 200.00 g (Ref. 6390); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 20 ປີ (Ref. 5216)

Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 6 - 8; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 35 - 38; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 36 - 39; ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫຼັງ: 52 - 56. Pre-opercular-mandibular canal pores 9 (rarely 10), with 3 (rarely 4) on the mandible. Infraorbital canal with 4+2 pores; lateral line organs (neuromasts) present exposed region between the canal segments, the normal number probably being 4 (rarely 5), but some or all are often missing. Supraorbital canal with 3+1 pores (a second, more posterior pore rarely present in postero-dorsal section); between these 2 supraorbital canal segments is a trough divided by 3 low transverse ridges into 4 shallow depressions; on each ridge is a neuromasts organ. Temporal canal with 1+4 pores; between the 2 segment lies a single exposed neuromast. Supratemporal canal with 1+1 pores; no traces of neuromasts were found in the intervening regions. Color: In life, pink with a silvery hue, the dorsal surface slightly darker. All fins pale, with clear hyaline membranes. The body becomes silvery with a darker dorsum only after death (Ref. 28937).

ຊີວະສາດ     ຄຳແປສັບ (ຕ.ຢ. epibenthic)

Regarded as the only truly pelagic fish in Antarctic waters (Ref. 6390). Larvae and postlarvae occur between 0 to 135 m; juveniles 50 to 400 and adults below 400 m (Ref. 5179). Postlarvae feed mainly on eggs and larvae of copepods; juveniles mainly on copepods, but take also eggs and larvae of euphausiids, polychaetes and chaetognaths (Ref. 5179). Larger items are ingested with increase in size (Ref. 5179). Larval pelagic phase is long (Ref. 28916).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Mature females may spawn for the first time from around 7-9 years of age (Ref. 71843).

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ເປັນການຄ້າໜ້ອຍ

ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

Life cycle
ການສືບພັນ
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ
Anatomy
Gill areas
ສະໝອງ
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
ປະເພດການລອຍ
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
ສຽງຂອງປາ
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
ກຳມະພັນ
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

ເຄື່ອງມື

Special reports

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): -1.8 - 0.9, mean -1 (based on 540 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00227 - 0.00556), b=3.22 (3.09 - 3.35), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278):  3.2   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179):  ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (K=0.14; tm=3-4; tmax=20; Fec=4,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.