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Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier, 1829)

King George whiting
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Sillaginodes punctatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Sillaginodes punctatus
Picture by Dowling, C.


Australia country information

Common names: Australian whiting, Black whiting, King George whiting
Occurrence: endemic
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: McKay, R.J., 1992
Aquaculture: experimental | Ref: McKay, R.J., 1992
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Known from Port Jackson (Sydney) in New South Wales (33°51'S), along the southern coasts as far south as northern Tasmania, and westwards to Jurien Bay in Western Australia (30°18'S) (Ref. 7300, 75154). Stock structure: In South Australia, there appears to be only 1 spawning stock in the main commercial fishery. However, the distribution of host-specific parasitic trematode flatworms (Microcotyle species) suggests that at least 2 populations exist across the species' range (Ref. 27670) - 1 in the east, the other in the west. Enzyme analysis on a limited sample of King George whiting from Victoria and South Australia also gave indications of sub-structuring within the King George whiting population (Ref. 27573). Commercial fishery: The fishery for King George whiting began at about the time of white settlement in South Australia and probably at about the same time in Victoria and Western Australia. The main commercial fishery is now located in South Australia, from Gulf St Vincent to Ceduna. Smaller fisheries are located in central Victoria and south-western Western Australia around Albany and Bunbury. The fisheries operate in spring and early summer (September to November) and to a lesser extent in autumn (April to June). Fish are caught either with seine net, power hauling and gillnets from small vessels in shallow (3-10 m) water, or by handline in deeper water. Most fishing effort is directed at 2-year-old to 7-year-old fish. Fish caught in nets average 32 cm in TL and those handlined average 34 cm. King George whiting are targeted and there is little bycatch taken in these fishing operations. However, some King George whiting are caught as bycatch of the southern sea garfish (Hyporhamphus melanochir) fishery (Ref. 27008). King George whiting are sold either fresh or frozen, usually fillets and sometimes whole. Most are consumed locally but excess fish are occasionally sent to Melbourne from South Australia. Recreational fishery: King George whiting are popular recreational fish throughout their range. Fishers use rod-and-line or handlines, mainly from boats but also from shore and jetties. Nets may be used but are prohibited in some areas. Shore anglers target immature fish. Significant quantities of King George whiting are caught by recreational fishers. For example, in South Australia, the recreational fishery accounted for nearly 38% of the total annual catch (61% in the Gulf St Vincent region) between 1979 and 1982 (Ref. 27008). The Australian Anglers Association records the largest King George whiting caught as 2.3 kg (from South Australia). Resource status: King George whiting are probably fully exploited throughout most of their shallower coastal range. In South Australia, there may be heavier fishing pressure than necessary for maximising catch per unit effort, yield per recruit and recreational fishing quality. This view is supported by the apparent reduction in size at first maturiry of King George whiting in the South Australian fishery since the mid 1960s (Ref. 27008). Also Ref. 4537, 9563, 9002.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names প্রচলিত নাম সমূহ | প্রতিনাম সমূহ | Catalog of Fishes(গণ , প্রজাতি ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sillaginidae (Smelt-whitings)
Etymology: Sillaginodes: See Sillago + Greek, oides = similar to.
  More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range বাস্তুসংস্থান

সামুদ্রিক; ঈষৎ লোনা তলদেশ বিহারী; অ_ পরিযায়ী; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 2 - 200 m (Ref. 6390), usually 2 - 18 m (Ref. 6205).   Temperate; 29°S - 41°S, 112°E - 152°E (Ref. 6205)

বিতরণ দেশ সমূহ | এফ এ ও এলাকাসমূহ | বাস্তুতন্ত্র | দৃষ্টিগোচর | Point map | প্রচলন | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: southern Australia.

Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age

Maturity: Lm 34.0, range 32 - 36 cm
Max length : 72.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 6205); common length : 35.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 9563); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 4.8 kg (Ref. 6205); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 15 বৎসর (Ref. 6390)

Short description বহিঃ অঙ্গ সংস্থান | মরফোমেট্রিক্স

পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ): 12 - 14; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ): 25-27; পায়ূ কাঁটা 2; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 21 - 24. The swim bladder is very elongate with a single slender tapering posterior extension and two anterolateral extensions. No duct-like urogenital aperture is present. Body color is pale brown, gray brown, or dark olive green above, and whitish pale brown or silvery below with reflections of mauve, blue green when fresh. The back and upper sides with oblique rows of small round dark brown to rusty brown spots; the lower sides with open-spaced rather scattered round dark spots. The belly is white and without spots. The dorsal fins are uniformly dark greenish brown to light brown sometimes spotted with dark brown; the anal, pectoral and pelvic fins are pale brown to hyaline; the caudal fin is greenish to brownish and finely dusted with brown (Ref. 6205).

জীববিজ্ঞান     শব্দকোষ (উদাহরণ স্বরূপ epibenthic)

Inhabit shallow inner continental shelf waters, including bays and inlets (Ref. 6390). For their first few years, they live mainly where seagrasses (Zostera species, Posidonia creeks. Small juveniles favor water depths from 2 m to 20 m. Adults inhabit more exposed waters along coastal beaches and reef areas (Ref. 27008, 27667), sometimes to depths as great as 200 m. Spawn in offshore waters from late summer to winter (Ref. 6390). Juveniles feed on benthic amphipods and other crustaceans. As they grow larger, their diet expands to include polychaete worms, mollusks and peanut worms (Sipuncula) (Ref. 27008, 27667). Oviparous (Ref. 205). This premium quality fish obtains a high price (Ref. 6205).

Life cycle and mating behavior পরিপক্কতা | প্রজনন | ডিম ছাড়া | ডিমসমূহ | ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা | শুককীট

Are serial batch spawners, yet the number of spawnings in a season is unknown (Ref. 6390).

Main reference Upload your references | সূত্র সংখ্যা | সমম্বয়কারী | সহযোগী

McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)


CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক; এ্যাকুয়াকালচার (জলজ পালন) : পরীক্ষামূলক ; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

আরো তথ্য

Age/Size
বৃদ্ধি
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
মরফোমেট্রিক্স
বহিঃ অঙ্গ সংস্থান
শুককীট
শুককীটের সত্রিুয়তা
নির্বাচন
প্রাচুর্য
সূত্র সংখ্যা
এ্যাকুয়াকালচার (জলজ পালন)
এ্যাকুয়াকালচার নকশা
বংশ
বংশানুগতিবিদ্যা
Electrophoreses
উতরাধিকার সুত্রে পাওয়া যোগ্যতা
রোগ
প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণ
Mass conversion
সহযোগী
ছবি সমূহ
Stamps, Coins Misc.
শব্দ
ক্রোমোজোমের ধরণ
গতি
সাতাঁরের কায়দা
ফুলকা এলাকা
Otoliths
মস্তিস্ক সমূহ
দৃষ্টি

হাতিয়ার

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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 15.3 - 18.5, mean 17.4 (based on 253 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00258 - 0.00973), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref. 120179):  মাধ্যম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১.৪-৪.৪ বৎসর (K=0.47; tm=3-4; tmax=15; Fec=100,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.