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Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector, 1871)

Blue grenadier
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Macruronus novaezelandiae   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Macruronus novaezelandiae
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Australia country information

Common names: Blue grenadier, Blue grenadier, Blue hake
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: no uses
Comments: Distributed through southern Australian waters from Broken Bay, New South Wales (Ref. 7300 ) to the western region of the Great Australian Bight (Ref. 26611). Electrophoretic studies of Australian blue grenadier indicate a single Australian stock. However, Australian and New Zealand samples may have significant differences due to genetic isolation of the 2 groups (Ref. 26612). Commercial fishery: The Australian blue grenadier fishery has operated since the late 1970s when the first large catches were taken in Tasmanian waters. The fishery has since become an important component of the South East Fishery with catches ranging between 1500 and 2800 t liveweight. A small amount (up to 50 t per year) of blue grenadier is caught by trawlers in the Great Australian Bight Trawl Fishery. Blue grenadier are caught throughout the South East Fishery by vessels using demersal otter trawl gear in depths of 300 to 600 m (Ref. 26613) but the main fishing ground is located near the spawning area off western Tasmania (Ref. 26566). Fishers also catch significant quantities throughout the year in southern and south-eastern Tasmanian waters and off Portland on the Victorian coast (Ref. 26613). Mid-water trawling for blue grenadier has also been tried. Most of the blue grenadier catch results from targeted fishing. Blue grenadier are usually sold on the domestic fresh fish market. The fish are mainly processed as fillets or cutlets; however there is potential for development of markets for manufactured fish products ('surimi') which utilise blue grenadier. Some of the blue grenadier catch is also exported as frozen fillets to the United States. Recreational fishery: Blue grenadiers are infrequently caught by anglers. Resource status: There are no reliable estimates of stock size for this species. However, 1992 estimates of sustainable yields for blue grenadier suggest that the Australian fishery may be able to sustain catches higher than historic catch levels (Ref. 26566). Also Ref. 9988, 58452.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Grenadier bleu, Cola de rata azul, Макруронус новозеландский, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Macruronidae (Blue grenadiers)
Etymology: Macruronus: Greek, makros = great + Greek, onos = hake.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海; 汽水性の 底生の漂泳性; 海洋回遊性; 深さの範囲 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 26566), usually 200 - 700 m (Ref. 9563).   Subtropical; 15°S - 55°S, 111°E - 173°W (Ref. 58452)

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Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern Australia.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 67.5, range 65 - 70 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 1371); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 80.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 1371); 最大公表体重: 1.5 kg (Ref. 1371); 最大公表体重: 1.5 kg; 最大記録サイズ: 25 年 (Ref. 6390)

簡単な記述 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計): 12 - 13; 背鰭 (合計): 96-106; 肛門の骨 0; 臀鰭: 89 - 93; 脊つい: 78 - 81. Dorsal surface silvery, with a purple or blue-green tinge; plank and belly silvery; fins darker. Body very elongate and compressed with a tapering tail, dorsal and anal fins confluent with the caudal fin (Ref. 33856).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Appear to live usually on or near the bottom, but may occasionally move up into mid-waters. Large adult fish generally occur deeper than 400 m, while juveniles may be found in shallower water (Ref. 9072), more commonly found in large estuaries and bays, and may even enter freshwaters (Ref. 1371). Juvenile specimens and especially adults belonging to the American subspecies, have been caught from the coastal zone to 110 m (Ref. 58452). Form schools. Feed primarily on lantern fishes. In New Zealand, it feeds in midwater on small fish, crustaceans and squid. Oviparous, spawn 1 million eggs on the average which are released all at one time (Ref. 6390). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, cooked in microwave and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生

Female blue grenadier produce about 1 million eggs on average, which are all released at once (Ref. 6390).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  評価されなかった 

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless




Human uses

水産業: 高い商業の
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 5.8 - 12.5, mean 8 (based on 300 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00219 - 0.00690), b=2.98 (2.82 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.12-0.2; tm=3-7; tmax=25; Fec = 1,000,000).
Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.49, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (61 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.