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Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sand steenbras
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Lithognathus mormyrus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Lithognathus mormyrus
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Algeria country information

Common names: Asqqoum, Kahli, Marbré
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bauchot, M.-L., 1987
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 3688), usually 10 - 20 m (Ref. 37413).   亚热带的; 48°N - 35°S, 25°W - 36°E

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Strait of Gibraltar and Mediterranean; southward to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa; around the Canary and Cape Verde Islands (Ref. 3688); and Madeira Is (Ref. 74541). Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique (Ref. 3688). Not found in tropical east Africa (Ref. 3198), Red Sea (Ref. 84159) and Black Sea (Ref. 4781, 112870).
东大西洋: 比斯开湾,直布罗陀海峡与地中海,黑色与亚速海海洋到南非好望角与莫桑比克海峡。 也加纳利群岛与维德角的周围发现, 但是不在马得拉群岛.(参考文献 4781) 西印度洋: 红海; 莫桑比克南部到好望角; 不出现在热带的非洲东部。 (参考文献 3198)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm 17.4, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3688); 最大年龄: 12 年 (Ref. 13716)

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 12 - 13; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 11.

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Found on the shelf, over sandy and muddy bottoms as well as seagrass-beds and estuaries. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Feeds on worms, mollusks and small crustaceans. Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 3688). Flesh excellent (Ref. 3198); sold fresh and dried.

栖息于大陆棚了, 在沙泥底之上以及海草床与河口。 群居的, 有时形成可大小的鱼群。 吃蠕虫,软件动物与小型甲壳动物。 雄性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 3688) 肉优良的;(参考文献 3198) 卖了生鲜地与干制了。

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

A monandric species (Ref. 55367). In the northern Adriatic, overall male to female ratio was 1:1.62. Sex inversion occurred mainly between 24.1 and 35.2 cm TL and 3.5 years of age (Ref. 55367). Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, including possible gonochorism (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 28504.东大西洋: 比斯开湾,直布罗陀海峡与地中海,黑色与亚速海海洋到南非好望角与莫桑比克海峡。 也加纳利群岛与维德角的周围发现, 但是不在马得拉群岛.(参考文献 4781) 西印度洋: 红海; 莫桑比克南部到好望角; 不出现在热带的非洲东部。 (参考文献 3198)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 August 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO(渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Trophic ecology
食物相
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生态学
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Population dynamics
Growths
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Length-weight rel.
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体长-频率
Mass conversions
Recruitments
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繁殖
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Egg(s)
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仔鱼
稚鱼动力学
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Visual pigment(s)
鱼的声音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 17.1 - 27.5, mean 24.4 (based on 224 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01073 - 0.01347), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.39 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.81, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.