Philippines country information

Common names: Balawis, Barangan, Barangen
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Woodland, D.J., 1990
Aquaculture: likely future use | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Bolinao, Pangasinan (Ref. 87989) and Leyte Gulf (Ref. 68980). Museum: CAS-SU 62727; AMS I. 22283; BPBM 18484 (Ref. 1419). Also Ref. 5399, 12744.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Conlu, P.V., 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Sigan vermicelle, Vermiculate rabbitfish, Maze rabbitfish, ... more

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Siganidae (Rabbitfishes)
Etymology: Siganus: Latin, siganus = a fish, rabbit fish; by the similarity of the nose (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 0 - 20 m (Ref. 48637), usually 0 - 15 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 19°C - 38°C (Ref. 1827); 30°N - 30°S, 77°E - 20°W

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Belau [=Palau], Guam, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, ?New Caledonia, ?Western Australia, ?Pohnpei, Caroline Islands, ?Ebon Island and Marshall Islands.

Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 1419); common length : 30.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9813); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 2.4 kg (Ref. 125599)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 13; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 10; Εδρικές άκανθες: 7; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 9; Σπόνδυλοι: 13. Body bluish white; head brown to brownish or golden yellow with irregular blue lines. Preopercular angle 91°-102°; strong overlapping scales cover cheeks; midline of thorax scaled, not pelvic ridges. Anterior nostril with low flange, broadened slightly posteriorly. Spines stout, blunt or pungent, and venomous.

Juveniles live among mangroves then move out to lagoon and coastal reefs as they mature. Forms schools. Feeds on algae growing on seagrasses, mangrove roots and rocks. Adults congregate inshore in groups of several hundreds to spawn in summer. Spawning is by pairs; sticky eggs laid on the bottom. Its very high quality flesh commands premium prices (Ref. 9813). Adults on coastal reefs, subject to strong currents (Ref. 48637). This species can tolerate very low salinities (2 ppt) and temperatures up to 38 C (Ref. 37816).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Throughout summer, adults form inshore breeding groups of several hundred individuals on the 7th or 8th days of the lunar month; pairs break from these groups to spawn. The species has a high fecundity of 350,000/spawning season.

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Woodland, David J. | Συνεργάτες

Woodland, D.J., 1990. Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 August 2011

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4537)

Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: πιθανή μελλοντική χρήση; Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)

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Summary page | Σημειακά στοιχεία | Κοινά ονόματα | Photos

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 26.2 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 2941 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00669 - 0.02263), b=3.13 (2.97 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.3).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835)