Philippines country information

Common names: Alama, Balawis, Balawis
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Siargao Island (Ref. 58652), Bolinao, Pangasinan (Ref. 87989), Nasugbu, Batangas (Ref. 107853), Davao Gulf, Sarangani Bay, Paril-Sangay Protected Seascape, Moro Gulf (Ref. 106380) and Leyte Gulf (Ref. 68980). Museum: AMS I. 22411; BPBM 26504. Also Ref. 1419.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Werner, T.B. and G.R. Allen, 2000
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Petit sigan, Spiny rabbitfish, Scribbled spinefoot, ... more

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Siganidae (Rabbitfishes)
Etymology: Siganus: Latin, siganus = a fish, rabbit fish; by the similarity of the nose (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 1 - 50 m (Ref. 28016), usually 1 - 20 m (Ref. 27115). Tropical; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 27115); 30°N - 30°S, 77°E - 129°W

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Known from India to French Polynesia; north to Japan; south to New Caledonia.

Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9710); common length : 18.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9813)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 13; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 10; Εδρικές άκανθες: 7; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 9; Σπόνδυλοι: 13. The species can adopt a number of camouflage patterns involving off-white, pale gray to blackish, and various shades of brown. The basic pattern consists of a labyrinth of narrow bands with upper half vermiculate, the lower ones tend to meander horizontally. This pattern extends to the fins. Iris golden dissected by a chocolate cross. 4-5 irregular off-white bars on caudal peduncle. Scales fine on cheeks, densely packed over lower 2/3 of preopercular region. Midline of thorax without scales between pelvic ridges. Fin spines stout, pungent, venomous. Preopercular angle 87-100 degrees.

Adults inhabit shallow coral reef flats. Found in rivers (Ref. 12792, 48637). Occurs in small schools (usually less than 10 individuals). Juveniles gather in larger numbers in corals with algae-grown at their bases (Ref. 48637). Initially, they browse on fine textured, e.g. filamentous algae, switching to coarser algae with increasing size. Both adults and juveniles are diurnal feeders (Ref. 4666). Fry are marketed fresh, pickled in brine or made into fish paste (Ref. 9813). Can inflict painful stings (Ref. 4690).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Woodland, David J. | Συνεργάτες

Woodland, D.J., 1990. Revision of the fish family Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pac. Fish. (19):136 p. (Ref. 1419)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 March 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4690)

Human uses

αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

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Summary page | Σημειακά στοιχεία | Κοινά ονόματα | Photos

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.6 - 29, mean 28 (based on 950 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.01284 - 0.02961), b=3.01 (2.89 - 3.13), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 2.0 ±0.03 se; based on food items.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Prior r = 1.20, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.80, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758)