Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; non-migratory. Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: Bombay, India to Singapore, Gulf of Thailand, North Borneo, Indonesia.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635); common length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9790)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 8 - 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 10-12;
Anal
spines: 0;
Anal
soft rays: 11 - 13. Row of papillae, often 7-9, on upper surface of eye, middle one elongate. Base of lower opercular spine concealed by scales. Anterior 2-21 lateral line scales bearing a small spine. Iris lappet crenate.
Ranges from muddy substrates in estuaries to deep offshore (Ref. 48635). Probably associated with aquatic vegetation at shallow depths (Ref. 9790).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Knapp, L.W., 1999. Platycephalidae. Flatheads. p. 2385-2421. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9790)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 126983)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
More information
Common namesSynonymsMetabolismPredatorsEcotoxicologyReproductionMaturitySpawningSpawning aggregationFecundityEggsEgg development
Age/SizeGrowthLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesMorphometricsMorphologyLarvaeLarval dynamicsRecruitmentAbundanceBRUVS
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
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