Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser demersal; tiefenbereich ? - 100 m (Ref. 26999), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 57293). Tropical; 30°N - 14°S, 18°W - 13°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Lobito, Angola, including the Canary Islands (Tenerife).
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.5 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 57293); common length : 20.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 26999)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 9; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 14-15; Afterflossenstacheln 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. Diagnosis: depth of body 2.8-3.0 in SL; head length 2.5-2.6 in SL; eye diameter greater than interorbital width, eye diameter 4.6-5.5 in HL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, lower edge fleshy; subopercle and interopercle smooth; convex upper edge of operculum; maxilla scaly, reaching well past eye; lateral-body scales ctenoid, without auxiliary scales (Ref. 89707).
Occurs on mud (Ref. 5222), sand, and rock bottoms (Ref. 5222, 57293) in coastal waters, usually above 50 m depth (Ref. 57293). Exceptionally enters brackish lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 57293).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: nicht kommerziell
Mehr Information
NamenSynonymeMetabolismusRäuberÖkotoxikologieFortpflanzungGeschlechtsreifeAblaichenSpawning aggregationFecundityEierEientwicklung
ReferenzenAquakulturAquakultur ProfilZuchtlinienGenetikElectrophoresesVererbbarkeitKrankheitenVerarbeitungNutrientsMass conversion
PartnerBilderStamps, Coins Misc.LauteCiguateraGeschwindigkeitSchwimmstilKiemenoberflächeOtolithsGehirngrößeSehfähigkeit
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 27.9, mean 25.8 °C (based on 80 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00590 - 0.02687), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
