分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
白眼鮫目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); longimanus: longus (L.), long; manus (L.) hand, referring to its long paddle-like pectoral fins. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Poey.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1082 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 152 m (Ref. 55185). 亞熱帶的; 18°C - 28°C (Ref. 244); 46°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6871)
Circumglobal in tropical and warm-temperate waters Ref. 244). Highly migratory species.
四海為家的人.(參考文獻 26340) 西大西洋: 美國緬因州到阿根廷; 也在墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到幾內亞灣; 可能地出現在地中海。 印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷，薩摩亞語，大溪地島與 Tuamoto 島。 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥島。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 195.7, range 180 - 226 cm
Max length : 400 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 89972); common length : 270 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9253); 最大体重: 167.4 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 22 年 (Ref. 31395)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. A stocky shark with a huge, rounded 1st dorsal fin, and long, wide-tipped pectoral fins; snout bluntly rounded; upper teeth triangular; interdorsal ridge present (Ref. 5578). Back usually dark grey with a bronze tinge, sometimes brown or bluish; belly whitish, sometimes with a yellow tinge; tips off first dorsal, pectorals, and lower lobe of caudal often white or with white spots (sometimes absent); ventral surface of pelvic fins, apices of anal and second dorsal, and ventral lobe of caudal often with black spots; black or dusky saddle-marks in front of second dorsal, upper margin of caudal and between dorsal fins (especially in young) (Ref. 9997).
一矮胖的鲨鱼有一个极大又圆形的第一背鳍 , 与长又顶端宽的胸鳍; 吻钝地圆的; 上颚齿三角形的; 间背脊呈现。 (参考文献 5578) 背面通常深灰色的具有一个青铜色的淡色, 有时褐色或蓝色的; 腹面微白色的, 有时有一个淡黄的色彩; 第一背鳍的尖端，胸鳍与尾鳍下叶时常白色或有白色的斑点;(有时不存在) 腹鳍的腹面, 顶点肛门的与第二背鳍 , 与腹面叶尾部的时常有黑色的斑点; 在第二背鳍之前的黑色或暗色的鞍状标记, 尾鳍上缘与在背鳍 (尤其当幼鱼时) 之间.(参考文献 9997)
An oceanic deep-water species which sometimes comes close to shore (Ref. 244). Found surface to depths of at least 150 m (Ref. 26938). Epipelagic usually over water depths of >184 meters (Ref. 58302). Frequently accompanied by Remora, Coryphaena, pilot fishes (Ref. 30573), and tortoises. Feeds oceanic bony fishes, also threadfins, stingrays, sea turtles, sea birds, gastropods, squid, crustaceans, mammalian carrion and garbage (Ref. 5578), including tuna and mahimahi (Ref. 1602, 37816). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). There is pronounced partial segregation by size and sex in some areas. This is an active, almost fearless shark also charged in human attacks (Ref. 244). Probably responsible for many open-ocean attacks after air or sea disasters (Ref. 6871). Utilized fresh, frozen (Ref. 9987), smoked, and dried-salted for human consumption; hides for leather, fins for fin soup, liver oil for vitamins, also processed into fishmeal (Ref. 244). 1 to 15 young, 60 to 65 cm, are born per litter (Ref. 1602).
有时游到近岸的一个大洋性的深水域种.(参考文献 244) 发现表面到深度至少 150 公尺。 (参考文献 26938) 时常伴随着 印鱼 ， Coryphaena ，飞行员鱼 (参考文献 30573) 与龟了。 捕食海洋性的硬骨鱼类, 也 threadfins ， ，海龟，海鸟，腹足动物，乌贼，甲壳动物, 哺乳动物腐肉与垃圾 (参考文献 5578), 包括鲔鱼与鬼头刀.(参考文献 1602,37816) 胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 有明显的部分分离依大小与在一些地区的性别。 这是也被指控攻击人类的一只活跃又几乎大胆的鲨鱼。 (参考文献 244) 空难或海难后的可能许多开放性海域攻击的原因.(参考文献 6871) 生鲜使用，被烟熏的冷冻 (参考文献 9987) 与乾燥盐腌供人类消费; 皮用做皮革，鳍用于鳍汤 , 肝油用于维他命, 也加工成鱼粉。 (参考文献 244) 1 到 15个幼鱼 , 60 到 65 公分, 出生每胎。 (参考文献 1602)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). Litter size 1-15 pups; 60-65 cm at birth (Ref. 244). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).四海為家的人.(參考文獻 26340) 西大西洋: 美國緬因州到阿根廷; 也在墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到幾內亞灣; 可能地出現在地中海。 印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷，薩摩亞語，大溪地島與 Tuamoto 島。 東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥島。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
极度濒危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 07 November 2018
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 28.9, mean 26.8 °C (based on 6810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00631 - 0.01659), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (K=0.1; tm=7; tmax=22; Fec=1).
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.10, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.66 [1.45, 44.26] mg/100g; Iron = 0.723 [0.193, 2.260] mg/100g; Protein = 22.4 [19.6, 24.6] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.106, 0.652] g/100g; Selenium = 26 [8, 75] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.58 [2.21, 19.27] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.355 [0.172, 0.669] mg/100g (wet weight);
