分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: More on authors: Compagno & Roberts.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶
Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand (Chao Phraya, Mekong and Tapi Rivers).
亞洲: 印尼，馬來西亞與泰國 (湄南河，湄公河與塔披河).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7050)
Narrow white marginal band around disk; white spot anterior to spiracle and posterior to eye; ventral surface plain; spiral valve with 11-14 turns (Ref. 12693).
圓盤的周圍狹窄的白色邊緣的條紋; 白色的斑點位於呼吸孔前而且在眼後面; 腹面平原; 具有 11-14個旋轉的螺旋形的瓣膜.(參考文獻 12693)
Inhabits sandy bottoms in estuaries and rivers (Ref. 12693). Feeds on bottom-dwelling crustaceans and shellfish. Breeds in fresh water (Ref. 32457). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Wounds caused by the dorsal spines are extremely painful and can be fatal. Sold fresh for human consumption (Ref. 32457). Total length maybe greater than 200 cm.
在河口與河中棲息於砂質底部。 (參考文獻 12693) 吃底棲的甲殼動物與貝。 繁殖於淡水。 (參考文獻 32457) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 由背部棘引起的創傷非常令人痛苦而且可能是致命。 生鮮販賣供人類消費了。 (參考文獻 32457) 體全長也許大於 200 公分。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).亞洲: 印尼，馬來西亞與泰國 (湄南河，湄公河與塔披河).
Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2cd); Date assessed: 25 January 2021
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00366 - 0.01891), b=3.10 (2.90 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Assuming Fec<10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
